Chi-Square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) Analysis: Understanding and Informing Treatment Choice of Second-Line Metastatic Urothelial Cancer Therapy

Abstract

s213 time-dependent covariate to account for immortal time bias, the corresponding crude and adjusted HR increased to 1.665 (95%CI 1.459-1.901) and 1.683 (95%CI 1.407-2.014). Applying a causal (counterfactual) analysis using IPCW and replication yielded a HR of 1.067 (95%CI 1.020-1.115), which matched the results of a published randomized clinical trial. ConClusions: When using routine RWE data, DAGs can guide the identification of potential biases and variables that need to be controlled for. In our analysis, potential biases were substantial with different directions. Only the application of the target trial and replication approach in combination with a causal analysis matched data from clinical trials.