Chemotherapy of Helminthic Infections

Standen, O. D.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-3178-5.50026-5

Cited by 35 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 248 publications

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“…Anogeissus leiocarpus is effective against adult Nippostrongylus braziliensis in rats at non-toxic doses (Ibrahim et al 1983). The chemotherapeutic links between N. braziliensis and trichostrongyles in sheep and between N. braziliensis and hookworms in dogs and man have been established (Whitlock, 1945;Standen, 1963). Other phytochemicals reported to have anthelmintic effect include essential oils (Pessoa et The egg hatch inhibition and larval development assays provided evidence that all the fractions affected egg and larva survival and their relative potencies is comparable because the difference in biological response is not statistically significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

IN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC EFFECT OF ANOGEISSUS LEIOCARPUS (DC.) GUILL. & PERR. LEAF EXTRACTS AND FRACTIONS ON DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF HAEMONCHUS CONTORTUS

Ademola¹,

Eloff²

2011

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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The anthelmintic effect of acetone leaf extract and fractions of Anogeissus leiocarpus was investigated to determine the relative efficacy of the components as anthelmintic against Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi). The fractions were obtained by solvent-solvent group separation of the leaf extract. The fractions were evaluated for ovicidal and larvicidal activity by egg hatch inhibition assay and larval development viability assay. Best-fit LC 50 values for egg hatch test were 0.360, 0.316, 0.093, 0.219 and 0.196 mg/ml for the crude acetone extract, hexane, chloroform, butanol, and 35% water in methanol fractions, respectively. While the best-fit LC 50 values for larval development and viability test were 0.509, 0.162, 0.186, 0.288 and 0.130 mg/ml for the crude acetone extract, hexane, chloroform, butanol, and 35% water in methanol fractions, respectively. The 35% water in methanol fractions was the more active on larvae, although differences in activity between fractions were not significant (p>0.05). A. leiocarpus leaf extracts could find application in anthelmintic therapy in veterinary practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

IN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC EFFECT OF ANOGEISSUS LEIOCARPUS (DC.) GUILL. & PERR. LEAF EXTRACTS AND FRACTIONS ON DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF HAEMONCHUS CONTORTUS

Ademola¹,

Eloff²

2011

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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“…However, since G. lamblia and T. vaginalis do not normally invade tissues, it may be possible to ensure that 4C0I ' 4;,.AL these protozoa have contact with high concentrations of the compounds by using an appropriate administration procedure, such as the vaginal route, for trichomoniasis, As for the mechanism of action of these compounds, Murakoshi and colleagues (9,10), working with parasitic helminths, postulated that bithionol functioned as an uncoupler of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation at M and inhibited enzymes such as fumarate reductase at 10-3 to 1o-4 M. Because both G. lamblia and T. vaginalis lack mitochondria and heme proteins (16,19), it seems unlikely that the compounds functioned as uncouplers against these protozoa. Although dichlorophene has also been used for treating some cestode infections as well as fasciolopsiasis (5,12), little is known on the mechanism of its action. At present, we speculate that inhibition of the aerobic metabolism, although its physiological significance is not known, is one of the fundamental sterilizing mechanisms of bithionol, dichlorophene, and hexachlorophene against G. lamblia and T. vaginalis as well as E. histolytica.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro inhibition of Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis growth by bithionol, dichlorophene, and hexachlorophene

Takeuchi¹,

Kobayashi²,

Tanabe³

et al. 1985

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Bithionol, dichlorophene, and hexachlorophene, which are used in treating some helminthic infections, killed trophozoites of Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis in modified BI-S-33 and Asami media, respectively. Virtually all G. lamblia and T. vaginalis cells were killed within 24 h with a 0.42 mM concentration of these compounds, except that 0.93 mM dichlorophene was required for sterilizing T. vaginalis in the same period. In modified BI-S-33 and Asami media from which bovine and human sera were omitted, respectively, the inhibitory actions of the compounds against in vitro growth of these protozoa were significantly enhanced. Trophozoites of G. lamblia and T. vaginalis could be killed in shorter than 10 min with 0.074 mM dichlorophene and 0.0025 mM hexachlorophene, respectively, in serum-free media. G. lamblia, which was incubated in the complete medium containing dichlorophene, showed a characteristic swelling of the ventral side which led to disruption of the parasite, whereas bithionol caused a thin crack in the cytoplasm of T. vaginalis incubated in Asami medium. The crack appeared to enlarge and result in vacuolization of T. vaginalis. These observations suggest that bithionol, dichlorophene, and hexachlorophene merit further evaluation to ascertain whether they are useful for treatment of giardiasis and trichomoniasis.

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“…Oral administration of 10 and 20 mg/kg to dogs for 30 days was well tolerated. Sporadic vomiting was the only side effect observed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemotherapeutic agents effective against helminthic infections include a range of substances derived from plant material, organic and inorganic metallic compounds, and a number of more recent nonmetallic synthetic compounds (4,6,8,10). Although some anthelmintic antibiotics produced by microorganisms are known (2,3,5,7,9,11), so far this field has been scarcely explored.…”

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confidence: 99%

Axenomycins, New Cestocidal Antibiotics

Bruna

Ricciardi

Sanfilippo

1973

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Axenomycins are a new group of macrolide antibiotics isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces lisandri n.sp. They exhibit anthelmintic activity against tapeworms ( Cestoda ). Three different fractions, A, B, and D, have been obtained, the most active fraction being axenomycin D. The activities of the axenomycin complex and axenomycin D against Hymenolepis nana in mice, Taenia pisiformis, Dipylidium caninum , and Diphyllobothrium sp. in dogs, and Moniezia expansa, M. benedeni , and Avitellina centripunctata in lambs were studied in experimentally and naturally infected animals. Axenomycins were effective and well tolerated by the oral route. Worm reduction rates after a single oral dose were 90 to 100% with 5 to 10 mg of axenomycin D/kg and 50 to 100% with 20 mg of axenomycin complex/kg.

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Chemotherapy of Helminthic Infections

Cited by 35 publications

References 248 publications

IN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC EFFECT OF <i>ANOGEISSUS LEIOCARPUS</i> (DC.) GUILL. & PERR. LEAF EXTRACTS AND FRACTIONS ON DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF <i>HAEMONCHUS CONTORTUS</i>

IN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC EFFECT OF <i>ANOGEISSUS LEIOCARPUS</i> (DC.) GUILL. & PERR. LEAF EXTRACTS AND FRACTIONS ON DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF <i>HAEMONCHUS CONTORTUS</i>

In vitro inhibition of Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis growth by bithionol, dichlorophene, and hexachlorophene

Axenomycins, New Cestocidal Antibiotics

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