Abstract:The management of malignant pleural effusions are a common, and sometimes difficult, therapeutic problem. This article reviews the currently available sclerosing agents and discusses novel agents that show promise for the future. Talc, tetracycline and bleomycin are currently the most widely used agents but none is an ideal sclerosant and certain adverse effects are of concern. Novel agents, particularly transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(2) and metalloproteinase inhibitors, are being investigated, and the … Show more
Based on the results obtained, TGF-beta is a cytokine that seems to work as a trigger, leading the pleural mesothelial cell to express VEGF a cause of pleural effusion in CABG surgeries.
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