Chemotaxis ofRhizobium sp. Towards root exudate ofCicer Arietinum L.

Gitte, Ramesh R.; Vittal, P.; Patil, R. B.

doi:10.1007/bf02107208

Cited by 41 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…2, an unidentified amphoteric compound was exuded only from the chickpea roots, though the relationship with P depletion remains unknown. In this regard attention should be paid to the report by Gitte et al (1978) in which more than 70% of the total exudates in chickpea roots consisted of several amino acids (cationic fraction) in relation to the chemotaxis of Rhizobium sp. Graham et al (1981) pointed out that the increase in the content of reducing sugars and amino acids in the root exudates corresponded to the increase in the membrane permeability which is induced by the decrease in the phospholipid level in P-deficient roots (Ratnayake et al 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in carboxylic acid exudation among p-starved leguminous crops in relation to carboxylic acid contents in plant tissues and phospholipid level in roots

Ohwaki

Hirata

1992

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

132

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The amount or composition of carboxylic acids in the root exudates and tissue extracts of leguminous crop plants subjected to P starvation for 3 d in water culture were compared. Also, the changes in the distribution and P content of the P fractions of the roots of the plants subjected to P starvation for 3 d were compared. In the root exudates collected over a 12 h period, malonie, succinic, fumaric, malic, citric, and t-aconitic acids were detected. A large amount of these carboxylic acids, especially citric and malic acids, was exuded from the roots of chickpea as compared with those of soybean, kidney bean, cowpea, and pigeonpea. Groundnut roots exuded an appreciable amount of carboxylic acids, especially fumaric acid. Although the contents of these earboxylic acids in the extracts of leaves and roots of chickpea were the highest as compared with soybean, kidney bean, and cowpea, the differences were much less significant than those in the root exudates. The amount and composition of carhoxylic acids exuded from chickpea roots seemed to be correlated with those of the leaves rather than those of the roots. The large amount of carboxylic acids observed in the exudates of chickpea roots could not be directly correlated to the content of phospholipid-P in the roots.Key Words: earboxylie acids, chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), citric acid, phospholipid, root exudation.The leakage of organic compounds from roots is a universal phenomenon (Rovira 1969). Recently, several studies on root exudation have been focused on the interrelationships with phosphorus nutrition.The ability of pigeonpea to utilize iron-bound phosphorus was attributed to the presence of piscidic acid in the root exudates (Ae et al. 1990). Stimulation of phosphatase exudation under phosphorus starvation (Hirata et al. 1982) and significant differences in phosphatase exudation among several crop species were reported (Tadano and Sasaki 1991) which may contribute to phosphorus absorption from organic forms.It has been frequently reported that organic acids, one of the major components in the root exudate dissolve inorganic phosphorus. Stimulatation of exudation of citrate under 1 Present address: Tropical Agriculture Research Center Okinawa Branch~ Maesato, Ishigaki, 907 Japan. 236Y. OHWAKI and H. HIRATA phosphorus starvation in alfalfa was reported using an apparatus specially designed for the aseptic collection of root exudates (Lipton et al. 1987). Gardner et al. (1983) reported that citric acid exuded from P-starved proteoid roots of lupin reacted with ferric-phosphorus and then phosphorus was released by reduction of Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ on the root surface. Hoffland et al. (I989) demonstrated that rape could grow well in the absence of VA mycorrhizal infection when rock phosphate was applied due to the localized exudation of malate and citrate associated with higher levels of these organic acids in the corresponding root tissues.On the other hand, in relation to VA mycorrhizal infection, Schwab et al. (1983) who compared the composition of carboxyl...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in carboxylic acid exudation among p-starved leguminous crops in relation to carboxylic acid contents in plant tissues and phospholipid level in roots

Ohwaki

Hirata

1992

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

132

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“…meliloti, where some nodinducers, such as luteolin, do act as chemoattractants, but others, such as apigenin and naringenin, do not, and indeed the latter suppresses chemotaxis towards luteolin (CaetanoAnolles et al, 1988). As legume root exudates are complex in composition (Gitte et al, 1978;Gaworzewska & Carlile, 1982;Redmond et al, 1986;Firmin et al, 1986;Djordjevic et al, 1987) the different spectra of compounds triggering chemotaxis and nod-induction may be part of an interaction which is significant in host range determination in Rhizobium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rhizobia are chemotactic to a variety of amino acids and sugars (Gotz et al, 1982;Gaworzewska & Carlile, 1982). Moreover, attraction to a legume glycoprotein (Currier & Strobel, 1976, 1977, root exudates (Currier & Strobel, 1976;Gitte et al, 1978;Gaworzewska & Carlile, 1982) and localized sites upon legume roots (Gulash et al, 1984) has been reported for Rhizobium. Furthermore, motile strains of R .…”

Section: J M M U N O Z a G U I L A R A N D O T H E R Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemotaxis of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli towards Flavonoid Inducers of the Symbiotic Nodulation Genes

et al. 1988

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Chemotaxis of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli RP8002 towards a range of carbohydrates, phenolic compounds and flavonoids was assayed. Xylose (peak response M) were strong chemoattractants amongst the carbohydrates, whilst glucose, fructose, galactose and maltose produced little or no detectable response. Of the monocyclic phenolic compounds, vanillyl alcohol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid (both peak responses M) and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (peak response 1 0-4 M) all evoked strong chemotactic responses. Amongst the nod-inducing flavonoids, apigenin and luteolin were both strong chemoattractants (peaks at M) while naringenin produced a very low response. Competition experiments suggest that apigenin and luteolin are recognized by a common receptor, but that there exists a separate receptor for luteolin alone. The inhibitors of nod-induction, umbelliferone and acetosyringone, both produced strong chemotactic responses, with peaks at loW3 M and M respectively. This evidence is indicative of a role for chemotaxis towards nod-inducing flavonoids in the initiation of root nodule formation by rhizobia, and also suggests that chemotaxis may influence the host range of the interaction.

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“…This behavioural response provides bacteria with a means of locating nutrients and avoiding harmful environments (Chet & Mitchell, 1976). Chemotaxis plays an important role in microbial interactions and in colonization of the surfaces of plant roots (Currier & Strobel, 1977;Gitte et al, 1978;Heinrich & Hess, 1985;Bashan, 1986;Gafny et al, 1986;De Weger et al, 1987), seeds (Scher et al, 1985) and fungal propagules (Arora et al, 1983;Lim & Lockwood, 1988). Such colonization is often necessary before a bacterium can exert a physiological effect on its 'host'.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic variation of Pseudomonas putida and P. tolaasii affects the chemotactic response to Agaricus bisporus mycelial exudate

Grewal

Rainey

1991

Journal of General Microbiology

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The chemotactic response of wild-type Pseudomonusputidz and P. tofausii, and a phenotypic variant of each species, to Agaricus bisporus m ycelial exudate was examined. Both P. putidu, the bacterium responsible for initiating basidiome development of A. bisporus, and P. tofaasii, the causal organism of bacterial blotch disease of the mushroom, displayed a positive chemotactic response to Casamino acids and to A. bisporus mycelial exudate. The response was both dose-and time-dependent and marked differences were observed between the response time of the wild-type strains and their phenotypic variants. Phenotypic variants responded rapidly to both attractants and reached a maximum response after 10-20 min, whereas the wild-types took 45-60 min. The differences are partly explained by the more rapid swimming speed of the phenotypic variants. Both variants responded maximally to similar concentrations of Casamino acids and mycelial exudates. Investigations into the nature of the attractants contained in the mycelial exudate indicated that they are predominantly small (M, < 2000) thermostable compounds. Sugars present in the exudate did not elicit a chemotactic response in any isolate, but a mixture of 14 amino acids detected in the exudate accounted for between 50 and 75 % of the chemotactic response of the fungal exudate.

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Chemotaxis ofRhizobium sp. Towards root exudate ofCicer Arietinum L.

Cited by 41 publications

References 10 publications

Differences in carboxylic acid exudation among p-starved leguminous crops in relation to carboxylic acid contents in plant tissues and phospholipid level in roots

Differences in carboxylic acid exudation among p-starved leguminous crops in relation to carboxylic acid contents in plant tissues and phospholipid level in roots

Chemotaxis of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli towards Flavonoid Inducers of the Symbiotic Nodulation Genes

Phenotypic variation of Pseudomonas putida and P. tolaasii affects the chemotactic response to Agaricus bisporus mycelial exudate

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