Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer: Concepts and Strategies

Kelloff, Gary J.; Lieberman, Ronald; Steele, Vernon E.; Boone, Charles W.; Lubet, Ronald A.; Kopelovitch, Levy; Malone, Winfred A.; Crowell, James A.; Sigman, Caroline C.

doi:10.1159/000019906

Cited by 107 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In accordance with the above report we also observed an decrease in body weight and increase in liver weight in animals administered with DEN. PCNA as a index of reflecting state of cell proliferation and judgment of malignant degree in the nucleus of hepatocarcinoma enhanced significantly, which has been confirmed in many studies (Kelloff et al, 1999). So enhanced expression of PCNA indicates abnormal proliferation of liver tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Preventive Effect of Hydrazinocurcumin on Carcinogenesis of Diethylnitrosamine-induced Hepatocarcinoma in Male SD Rats

Zhao¹,

Peng²,

Chen³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the preventive effects of hydrazinocurcumin (HZC) on diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in a male Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model. One hundred and twenty male SD rats used in this study were divided into six groups. Those receiving DEN with curcumin (CUR) or HZC were studied compared with the DEN-alone group. The study demonstrated that DEN induced severe histological and immunohistochemical changes in liver tissues, significantly increasing the levels of liver marker enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and total bilirubin level (TBL)). The hepatocarcinoma incidences were 100.0%, 36.7% and 20.0% in the DEN-alone, DEN-CUR and DEN-HZC groups, respectively. Although macroscopic and microscopic features suggested that both CUR and HZC were effective in inhibiting DENinduced hepatocarcinogenesis, HZC was exerted a stronger influence. Immunohistochemical analysis with PCNA demonstrated significantly differences among the groups (all P < 0.05). Taken together, the results suggested application of CUR and HZC could prevent the occurrence of carcinogenesis and HZC may be a more potent compound for prevention of DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats than CUR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Preventive Effect of Hydrazinocurcumin on Carcinogenesis of Diethylnitrosamine-induced Hepatocarcinoma in Male SD Rats

Zhao¹,

Peng²,

Chen³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…Chemoprevention has become recognized as a plausible and cost-effective approach to reducing cancer morbidity and mortality by inhibiting precancerous events before the occurrence of clinical disease (6,7). Androgen and androgen receptor (AR)-mediated signaling are crucial for the development and function of the normal prostate (2) as well as for prostate cancer (2,3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The importance of androgen in prostate cancer is supported by the observations that prostate cancer rarely occurs in eunuchs or in men with deficiency in 5a-reductases, the enzymes that convert testosterone to its active metabolite 5a-dihydrotestosterone (2,3). Targeting androgen and AR signaling represents a rational strategy for the chemoprevention of prostate cancer (6,7). As a proof of concept, a clinical trial with finasteride (Proscar), which inhibits 5a-reductase II within the prostate gland, had shown a significant reduction of total prostate cancer incidence (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potent Antiandrogen and Androgen Receptor Activities of anAngelica gigas–Containing Herbal Formulation: Identification of Decursin as a Novel and Active Compound with Implications for Prevention and Treatment of Prostate Cancer

et al. 2006

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Androgen and androgen receptor (AR)-mediated signaling are crucial for the development of prostate cancer. Identification of novel and naturally occurring phytochemicals that target androgen and AR signaling from Oriental medicinal herbs holds exciting promises for the chemoprevention of this disease. In this article, we report the discovery of strong and long-lasting antiandrogen and AR activities of the ethanol extract of a herbal formula (termed KMKKT) containing Korean Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) root and nine other Oriental herbs in the androgen-dependent LNCaP human prostate cancer cell model. The functional biomarkers evaluated included a suppression of the expression of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) mRNA and protein (IC 50 , f7 Mg/mL, 48-hour exposure) and an inhibition of androgen-induced cell proliferation through G 1 arrest and of the ability of androgen to suppress neuroendocrine differentiation at exposure concentrations that did not cause apoptosis. Through activity-guided fractionation, we identified decursin from AGN as a novel antiandrogen and AR compound with an IC 50 of f0.4 Mg/mL (1.3 Mmol/L, 48-hour exposure) for suppressing PSA expression. Decursin also recapitulated the neuroendocrine differentiation induction and G 1 arrest actions of the AGN and KMKKT extracts. Mechanistically, decursin in its neat form or as a component of AGN or KMKKT extracts inhibited androgen-stimulated AR translocation to the nucleus and down-regulated AR protein abundance without affecting the AR mRNA level. The novel antiandrogen and AR activities of decursin and decursin-containing herbal extracts have significant implications for the chemoprevention and treatment of prostate cancer and other androgen-dependent diseases. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(1): 453-63)

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“…As examples, promising dietary chemopreventive compounds include epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in green tea, quercetin in onions and tomatoes, resveratrol in grapes, curcumin in turmeric, sulforaphane and other isothiocyanates (ITCs) in cruciferous vegetables, genistein in soybeans, organosulfur compounds in garlic, and lycopene in tomatoes, among many others (10). Currently, several thousand dietary components reportedly possess chemopreventive activity, and approximately 40 are being studied clinically for efficacy in chemoprevention trials (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting Apoptosis with Dietary Bioactive Agents

Martin

2006

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

120

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Apoptosls, a form of programmed cell death, Is a pivotal defense against the occurrence of cancer and is essential to metazoans In maintaining tissue homeostasis. Apoptosls exhibits a distinctive phenotype and Involves elimination of potentially deleterious cells. Many diseases have been associated with aberrantly regulated apoptotlc cell death, ultimately leading to Inhibition of apoptosls and propagation of diseases such as cancer. Elucidation of the critical events associated with carcinogenesis provides the opportunity for dietary Intervention to prevent cancer development through Induction of apoptosls, particularly by bloactive agents or functional foods. Diet Is a significant environmental factor In the overall cancer process and can exacerbate or Interfere with carcinogenesis. Apoptosls occurs primarily through two well-recognized pathways In cells, Inciudlng the Intrinsic, or mitochondrial-mediated, effector mechanism and the extrinsic, or death receptor-mediated, effector mechanism. In addition to diet's effects on protein expression and function, evidence Is also accumulating that a large number of dietary food components can exert effects on the human genome, either directly or Indirectly, to modUlate gene expression. In fact, many diet-related genes are Involved In carcinogenesis as well as apoptosls, and thus are ultimately molecular targets for dietary chemopreventlon. There are multiple steps within pathways In which dietary components can alter gene expression and phenotypes of cells and thus Influence cancer outcomes (nutritional transcrlptomlc effect). Thus, apoptosls Is an emerging therapeutic target of bloactlve agents of diet. In this review, the process of apoptosls Is discussed and the potential mechanistic Interaction of bloactlve agents, as

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Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer: Concepts and Strategies

Cited by 107 publications

References 25 publications

Preventive Effect of Hydrazinocurcumin on Carcinogenesis of Diethylnitrosamine-induced Hepatocarcinoma in Male SD Rats

Preventive Effect of Hydrazinocurcumin on Carcinogenesis of Diethylnitrosamine-induced Hepatocarcinoma in Male SD Rats

Potent Antiandrogen and Androgen Receptor Activities of anAngelica gigas–Containing Herbal Formulation: Identification of Decursin as a Novel and Active Compound with Implications for Prevention and Treatment of Prostate Cancer

Targeting Apoptosis with Dietary Bioactive Agents

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