"Chemometrics" applied to the optimization of the preparation of hydrotopes for detergents starting from BTX fraction of natural gas

Kamoun, Amel; Chaabouni, M. M.

doi:10.1051/analusis:2000138

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…These conditions allow us to estimate the sum of squares of pure error for each response with four degrees of freedom. Table III summarizes the results of this statistical method based on the Fisher's test (comparison of F ratios to critical F 0.05 (1,4), F 0.01 (1,4) and F 0.001 (1,4)) [9,10]. We see that main effects, which are statistically significant for the responses Y 1 and Y 2 are due to temperature, stirring speed, percentage of additional water and mixture type.…”

Section: Identification Of the Influential Factorsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Optimization of sylvite transformation into arcanite using experimental design methodology

Fezei

Hammi

M’nif

2008

Journal of Chemometrics

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This study is an application of the experimental design methodology for optimizing a potassium sulfate synthesis reaction. The latter is a two-stage reaction through an intermediate product (Schoenite: K 2 SO 4 .MgSO 4 Á6H 2 O). To determine optimal experimental conditions of the first stage, we have conducted a fractional factorial design and a central composite one. The optimal conditions of the second stage were determined only by means of a fractional factorial design. Several physico-chemical techniques were used to implement this study, namely potentiometry, complexometry, gravimetry and X-ray diffraction. This work has showed that this double decomposition reaction, when performed under the determined optimal conditions, gives good quality potassium sulfate (purity more than 95%) with a maximal yield.

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Section: Identification Of the Influential Factorsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Optimization of sylvite transformation into arcanite using experimental design methodology

Fezei

Hammi

M’nif

2008

Journal of Chemometrics

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“…Pemilihan proses sulfonasi tergantung pada banyak faktor, diantaranya yaitu nisbah reaktan, suhu reaksi, waktu atau lama reaksi, pH [8,9] . Sulfonasi lignin dengan pereaksi natrium sulfit (Na2SO3) ataupun dengan natrium bisulfit (NaHSO3) telah dilakukan [10] .…”

Section: Indonesiaunclassified

STUDI PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN REAKTAN LIGNIN NaHSO3 DAN pH TERHADAP NATRIUM LIGNOSULFONAT (NaLS)

Syahbirin¹,

Suryani²,

Dzikrulloh³

2015

J.Ris.Kim.

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Lignin was isolated from waste black liquor of soda pulping process. Sulfonation of soda lignin produced Sodium Lignosulfonate (NaLS) which can be used as dispersants, and concrete admixtures. In this research, sulfonation was carried out towards lignin with ratio of ligninNaHSO3 of 1.0:0.4; 1.0:0.5; and 1.0:0.6, and initial pH of 5.00; 6.00; 7.00. Parameters observed were purity, final pH, and yield of NaLS. The upsurge of initial pH increased the final pH and NaLS yield, but decreased its purity. The upsurge of ratio of lignin-NaHSO3 increased NaLS yield and decreased its purity, but did not affect the final pH of NaLS. The chosen optimum condition was on pH of 6.00 and ratio of lignin-NaHSO3 of 1.0:0.6. Characterization of functional group using FTIR, and purity of NaLS using UV-Visible Absorption Spectrophotometer. Keywords: soda lignin, sulfonation of lignin, sodium lignosulfonate PENDAHULUANLignosulfonat (LS) adalah lignin yang mengandung gugus sulfonat, sehingga larut dalam air. Penggunaan lignosulfonat sangat beragam, diantaranya sebagai bahan tambahan (admixture) pada semen dan beton, sebagai penstabil tanah dalam industri pengeboran minyak, pendispersi warna pada industri tekstil, emulsifier dalam pembuatan pelumas, bahan perekat untuk papan gipsum, hingga sebagai bahan aditif untuk media kultur [1] .Sifat larut air yang dimiliki lignosulfonat membuatnya banyak digunakan juga sebagai bahan untuk membantu proses pengadukan dalam cement mill, dan membuat konstruksi bangunan menjadi lebih kokoh karena lignosulfonat juga bersifat sebagai bahan pengikat (binding agent) yang sangat baik [2] . Lignosulfonat digunakan sebagai admixtures (bahan tambahan kimia) pada campuran semen dengan adanya sifat pendispersi dan aktivitas permukaan yang dimilikinya [3] . Salah satu bahan baku yang dapat digunakan pada proses pembuatan lignosulfonat adalah lignin. Lignin merupakan polimer alami yang terdiri dari gabungan unit-unit fenilpropana.Lignin adalah salah satu komponen utama di dalam tumbuhan yang terdapat dalam dinding sel tumbuh-tumbuhan. Lignin bersama selulosa menyebabkan kekakuan dan kekokohan batang tumbuh-tumbuhan [4,5] . Limbah industri pulp dan kertas juga dapat dimanfaatkan pada proses pembuatan lignosulfonat. Lignin merupakan komponen utama pada limbah lindi hitam (black liquor) yang dihasilkan oleh limbah pabrik pulp melalui proses kimia pada proses produksinya.Kandungan lignin pada lindi hitam dapat mencapai 12,0 -37,5%. Lindi hitam bila tidak didaur ulang merupakan salah satu sumber pencemaran lingkungan yang potensial, disebabkan oleh adanya beberapa senyawa kimia, seperti metil merkaptan, dan hidrogen sulfida yang bersifat racun. Di samping dapat mengurangi masalah pencemaran yang diakibatkan oleh lindi hitam pabrik pulp, kandungan lignin yang cukup besar ini sangat potensial untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pada proses pembuatan lignosulfonat [4,5,6]

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Screening and optimization of the factors of a detergent admixture preparation

Baati

Kamoun

Chaabouni

et al. 2006

Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems

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"Chemometrics" applied to the optimization of the preparation of hydrotopes for detergents starting from BTX fraction of natural gas

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Optimization of sylvite transformation into arcanite using experimental design methodology

Optimization of sylvite transformation into arcanite using experimental design methodology

STUDI PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN REAKTAN LIGNIN NaHSO3 DAN pH TERHADAP NATRIUM LIGNOSULFONAT (NaLS)

Screening and optimization of the factors of a detergent admixture preparation

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