Chemometric tool for identification of iron–gall inks by use of visible–near infrared fibre optic reflection spectroscopy

Gál, Lukáš; Čeppan, Michal; Reháková, Milena; Dvonka, Vladimír; Tarajčáková, Jarmila; Hanus, Jozef

doi:10.1007/s00216-013-7333-z

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Highly absorbing areas in the UVL image ( Fig 5B ), which appear brown in the visible image (A3, A17 and A18), were interpreted as suggestive of the use of tannins. Although iron(III)-tannin complexes have somewhat characteristically shaped FORS spectra [ 35 , 46 ], with a typical slow rise in the red region, no discernible spectral features, such as maxima, minima or inflection points are present [ 13 ]. As a result, the FORS measurements of these areas confirm little except for their high degree of infrared transparency, as evidenced from the IRRFC images, where these areas appear a dull orange colour.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multispectral imaging approach integrated into the study of Late Antique textiles from Egypt

et al. 2018

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This work explores the use of multispectral imaging (MSI) techniques applied to the investigation of Late Antique (c. 250–800 AD) textiles found in Egypt. Although the use of these techniques is well-established in the study of polychrome surfaces, they have only been sparingly and often unsystematically applied to the investigation of textiles. The aim of this work is therefore to bridge this gap by showing how this non-invasive, relatively inexpensive and portable methodology can be used to map the photoluminescence and reflective characteristics of textiles under different wavelengths of light, and to provide qualitative and holistic insights into the chemical nature of the materials that compose them. Standardised acquisition and post-processing methods were applied to produce visible-reflected (VIS), ultraviolet-induced visible luminescence (UVL), infrared-reflected (IRR), infrared-reflected false colour (IRRFC), ultraviolet-reflected (UVR) and ultraviolet-reflected false colour (UVRFC) images that provided preliminary indications of the colourants used and their spatial distribution. This proved to be an important aid in planning more targeted and effective sampling strategies and facilitated comparisons between objects. Visible-induced visible luminescence (VIVL) and multiband-reflected (MBR) imaging were also explored for the first time with application to textiles, demonstrating their potential in mapping red and blue colourants respectively. The physical properties observed from all of these images were then related to the more detailed information provided by complementary non-invasive techniques, such as fibre optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS), and micro-invasive approaches, such as high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Guidelines towards the interpretation of complex MSI images and a discussion of the potential and limitations of relating multispectral data to chemical properties are presented. An important result of this work is the delineation of a protocol, which combines optical microscopy (OM), MSI, FORS and HPLC-MS and shows a high degree of potential, not only for the investigation of Late Antique textiles but for textiles in museum and historic collections generally.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multispectral imaging approach integrated into the study of Late Antique textiles from Egypt

et al. 2018

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“…The optical density spectra are generally regarded as more suitable for the methods of PC analysis using linear algebra [30]. Also, each spectrum was normalised by the mean.…”

Section: Samples Preparation and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown, that even application of simple numerical analysis of single spectra, as for instance resolution of FTIR spectra of graphical documents [26] or utilization of first derivative spectroscopy [13,27], facilitate to gain useful information. Combination of the methods of molecular spectroscopy with chemometric analysis is applied in estimation of properties of lignocellulose materials [28], identification of historical inks [29,30] etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principal component analysis for the forensic discrimination of black inkjet inks based on the Vis–NIR fibre optics reflection spectra

Gál

Oravec

Gemeiner

et al. 2015

Forensic Science International

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“…The obtained information can help conservators with an understanding and a broadened knowledge useful in preventive preservation, specifically in determining appropriate storage conditions in depositories and chiefly in expositions. Research into paper artworks of drawing techniques dating from the 15th to the 19th century from the collection of Slovak National Gallery revealed that the using of more kinds of brown-gray inks on one drawing was very frequent [19]. In these cases, the storage conditions must adapt to the most vulnerable ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of stability of brown-gray inks on paper support

et al. 2015

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Research into paper artworks and the identification of drawing techniques dating from the 15th to the 19th century from the collection of Slovak National Gallery revealed that the most frequently used means of writing was a set of brown-gray inks. This set includes bistre, sepia, and iron-gall inks (IGI). The light fastness of these organic compounds is not considered very high. Moreover, iron gall inks attack paper support by the processes commonly known as iron gall ink corrosion. In the experimental part of the research, the stability of three different brown-gray inks was studied. Model inks, i.e. bistre, sepia and IGI with two molar ratios Fe : gallic acid were prepared according to historical recipes. Whatman paper was used as a support material. Samples were submitted to accelerated aging in closed vessels at 100°C with and without the presence of NO 2 in concentration of 100 ppm as well as to the light aging in a light chamber. Changes of mechanical, optical and chemical properties of the samples as well as spectra in the IR region were studied. The observed changes allowed an evaluation of the effect of particular inks on paper support and effect of various external factors of aging (temperature, light, pollutants) on the model systems. Simultaneous thermal analysis (DTA/TG) was carried out in order to study the thermo-oxidative stability of the materials. Sepia and bistre inks have been assessed as generally more stable than iron-gall inks.

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Chemometric tool for identification of iron–gall inks by use of visible–near infrared fibre optic reflection spectroscopy

Cited by 14 publications

References 2 publications

A multispectral imaging approach integrated into the study of Late Antique textiles from Egypt

A multispectral imaging approach integrated into the study of Late Antique textiles from Egypt

Principal component analysis for the forensic discrimination of black inkjet inks based on the Vis–NIR fibre optics reflection spectra

Study of stability of brown-gray inks on paper support

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