Chemokines in allergic conjunctivitis

Abstract

Purpose of review Chemokines are a large group of low molecular weight cytokines that attract and activate leukocytes throughout the body and therefore have a key role in the framework of late-phase allergic responses. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the main chemokines involved in allergic conjunctivitis, their primary functions and their physiological roles, and therapies targeted at chemokines and their receptors for ocular allergic diseases. Recent findings In recent years, there have been considerable advances in the understanding of ocular pathophysiology of ocular surface inflammatory diseases including both allergic eye diseases and dry eye syndrome. Several therapies being developed for dry eye inflammation are recognized as possible therapies for ocular allergic diseases as there are often common chemokines involved in both disease spectra. Summary Chemokines represent an integral part of the late-phase cascade of ocular allergic inflammation. A deep understanding of specific chemokines and their interactions will help in targeting therapies to effectively manage ocular clinical findings and symptoms of allergic eye disease.

MiR-146a upregulates FOXP3 and suppresses inflammation by targeting HIPK3/STAT3 in allergic conjunctivitis

“…The later phase reaction (LPR) can occur after 4-6 h and is characterized by an infiltration of multiple inflammatory cells, especially eosinophils (26). Antigen-specific T cells can initiate eosinophils to infiltrate the conjunctiva, resulting in tissue damage (27). The epithelial cells and fibroblasts of conjunctiva and cornea also accelerate inflammation and tissue remodeling by inducing the secretion and expression of cytokines (such as TNF-α, IL-10, IL-4, and TGF-β), chemokines, adhesion molecules, and so on (5,28,29).…”

Therapeutic Targets in Allergic Conjunctivitis

“…It is secreted by endothelial cells, macrophages, mast cells, and fibroblasts. CCL5 mediates the recruitment and activation of eosinophils [ 76 ]. CCL7 is produced by fibroblasts, and it is a ligand for CCR1, CCR2, and CCR3.…”

“…CCR3 serves as a receptor for CCL24 and CCL26, whereas CCR2 serves as a receptor for CCL26. Eosinophils are recruited to the site of allergen-induced conjunctival inflammation by CCL24 and CCL26 [ 72 , 73 , 76 ]. It is important to note that signaling via CCR3, expressed on mast cells and eosinophils, is essential for CCR3-mediated activation and recruitment of mast cells and eosinophils.…”