Therapeutic Targets in Allergic Conjunctivitis

Labib, Bisant A; Chigbu, DeGaulle I.

doi:10.3390/ph15050547

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 217 publications

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“…The biocompatibility of both NPs (with and without CPX) was confirmed on NHDF cells ( Figure 7 ). NHDF cells were used as a cell model, given that these cells are constituents of the subepithelial layer of the conjunctiva [ 88 ]. Additionally, these cells recruit neutrophils and monocytes at an early stage of infection regardless of the type of microorganism [ 89 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Zein/Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles for Ocular Mucosa Delivery

et al. 2022

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Bacterial conjunctivitis is a worldwide problem that, if untreated, can lead to severe complications, such as visual impairment and blindness. Topical administration of ciprofloxacin is one of the most common treatments for this infection; however, topical therapeutic delivery to the eye is quite challenging. To tackle this, nanomedicine presents several advantages compared to conventional ophthalmic dosage forms. Herein, the flash nanoprecipitation technique was applied to produce zein and hyaluronic acid nanoparticles loaded with ciprofloxacin (ZeinCPX_HA NPs). ZeinCPX_HA NPs exhibited a hydrodynamic diameter of <200 nm and polydispersity index of <0.3, suitable for ocular drug delivery. In addition, the freeze-drying of the nanoparticles was achieved by using mannitol as a cryoprotectant, allowing their resuspension in water without modifying the physicochemical properties. Moreover, the biocompatibility of nanoparticles was confirmed by in vitro assays. Furthermore, a high encapsulation efficiency was achieved, and a release profile with an initial burst was followed by a prolonged release of ciprofloxacin up to 24 h. Overall, the obtained results suggest ZeinCPX_HA NPs as an alternative to the common topical dosage forms available on the market to treat conjunctivitis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Zein/Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles for Ocular Mucosa Delivery

et al. 2022

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“…Initially, in both cases, the allergens interact with IgE molecules on mast cells' surface, causing degranulation of mast cells and subsequent release of proinflammatory molecules like histamine. These molecules are the main culprits behind the itching and tearing of the eye [1,9].…”

Section: Molecular Components Of Nociceptive Itchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, in the case of perennial allergic conjunctivitis, due to continued exposure to the allergen on the ocular surface, the primed mast cells' immunoglobulin E (IgE)-FcerRL complexes are constantly cross-linked. This ongoing process leads to persistent mast cell degranulation and the continued release of histamine [1,9,11].…”

Section: Molecular Components Of Nociceptive Itchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular surface itch and pain: key differences and similarities between the two sensations

Raolji

Kumar

2023

Current Opinion in Allergy &Amp; Clinical Immunology

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Purpose of review To review the pathophysiology and treatment of ocular itch and pain, encompassing nociceptive and neuropathic categories. Recent findings Ocular itch and pain are sensations that arise from activation of ocular surface polymodal nerves. Nociceptive itch, commonly comorbid with ocular pain complaints, is mainly driven by a histamine-mediated type 1 hypersensitivity reaction. Beyond topical therapy, novel drug delivery systems are being explored to improve ocular residence time of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antihistamines. Nociceptive ocular pain can be driven by a variety of factors. Treatment focuses on addressing the causative sources of pain. Neuropathic ocular itch and pain are driven by nerve damage and dysfunction and as such, topical and oral neuromodulation have been explored as treatments. Oral neuromodulators include alpha 2 delta ligands, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), and low dose naltrexone. Novel therapies are being evaluated for both modalities such as difelikefalin (κ-opioid receptor agonist) for neuropathic itch and libvatrep (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 antagonist) for neuropathic pain. Summary Both ocular itch and pain can be driven by nociceptive and/or neuropathic mechanisms. Identifying contributors to abnormal ocular sensations is vital for precise medical care. Novel therapeutics for these conditions aim to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.

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“…Clinically the most common AC types are mild-to-moderate seasonal AC (SAC) and perennial AC (PAC), with SAC accounting for approximately 90% of total AC in the US. 13 However, most studies focus on CsA in treating DE or severe AC, mainly vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC). There is a lack of clinical studies of CsA in patients with mild-to-moderate AC-associated DE (ACDE).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of Efficacy and Mechanism of 0.05% Cyclosporine Eye Drops (II) Monotherapy in Allergic Conjunctivitis-associated Dry Eye

Jiao,

Qi,

Gao

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Purpose To explore the efficacy and relevant mechanism of 0.05% cyclosporine A (CsA) eye drops (II) monotherapy in patients with allergic conjunctivitis-associated dry eye (ACDE). Methods Prospective, randomized, controlled study. Fifty-three patients with mild-to-moderate ACDE were randomly assigned to two groups. The CsA group received 0.05% CsA eye drops (II) monotherapy four times daily. The control group received 0.1% olopatadine twice daily combined with 0.1% preservative-free artificial tears four times daily. Clinical symptoms and signs, tear total IgE, and lymphotoxin-α (LT-α) concentrations were assessed at pre- and post-treatment days 7, 30, and 60. And we further measured six tear inflammatory cytokines levels using a microsphere-based immunoassay. Results The CsA group showed significant improvement in symptoms (Ocular Surface Disease Index and itching scores) and signs (conjunctival hyperemia, conjunctival edema, conjunctival papillae, tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescent staining, and goblet cell density) at each follow-up period compared to pre-treatment (all P<0.050). And its improvement in itching scores (P7th<0.001, P30th=0.039, and P60th=0.031) and TBUT (P7th=0.009, P30th=0.003, and P60th=0.005) was more significant than the control group at all follow-up periods. The tear total IgE, interleukin (IL)-5, IL-6, periostin, eotaxin-3, and MMP-9 levels significantly decreased in the CsA group at day 60 after treatment (all P<0.050). And the changed values in tear total IgE were positively correlated with the change in itching scores. Conclusions 0.05% CsA eye drops (II) monotherapy can rapidly improve the symptoms and signs, especially in ocular itching and TBUT, in patients with ACDE. And its efficacy is superior to 0.1% olopatadine combined with artificial tears. Moreover, CsA downregulates the expression levels of tear inflammatory cytokines, including tear total IgE, IL-5, IL-6, periostin, eotaxin-3, and MMP-9. Among that, the reduction in tear total IgE levels may reflect the improvement of ocular itching.

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Therapeutic Targets in Allergic Conjunctivitis

Cited by 19 publications

References 217 publications

Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Zein/Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles for Ocular Mucosa Delivery

Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Zein/Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles for Ocular Mucosa Delivery

Ocular surface itch and pain: key differences and similarities between the two sensations

Exploration of Efficacy and Mechanism of 0.05% Cyclosporine Eye Drops (II) Monotherapy in Allergic Conjunctivitis-associated Dry Eye

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