Chemodiversity of Exudate Flavonoids in Seven Tribes of Cichorioideae and Asteroideae (Asteraceae)

Abstract

Members of several genera of Asteraceae, belonging to the tribes Mutisieae, Cardueae, Lactuceae (all subfamily Cichorioideae), and of Astereae, Senecioneae, Helenieae and Heliantheae (all subfamily Asteroideae) have been analyzed for chemodiversity of their exudate flavonoid profiles. The majority of structures found were flavones and flavonols, sometimes with 6-and/or 8-substitution, and with a varying degree of oxidation and methylation. Flavanones were observed in exudates of some genera, and, in some cases, also flavonol-and flavone glycosides were detected. This was mostly the case when exudates were poor both in yield and chemical complexity. Structurally diverse profiles are found particularly within Astereae and Heliantheae. The tribes in the subfamily Cichorioideae exhibited less complex flavonoid profiles. Current results are compared to literature data, and botanical information is included on the studied taxa.

Scanning Electron Microscopy Coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectrometric Analysis Reveals for the First Time Weddellite and Sylvite Crystals on the Surface of Involucral Bracts and Petals of two Xeranthemum L. (Compositae) Species

“…There are number of papers dealing with phytochemical investigations (Powell et al, 1967; Samek et al, 1977; Zemtsova & Molchanova, 1979; Hîbel et al, 1982; Skaltsa et al, 2000; Valant-Vetschera & Wollenweber 2007; Dekić et al, 2015), molecular cytogenetics (Garnatje et al, 2004), and biological activity (Stanković et al, 2011) of the genus Xeranthemum . In contrast, there is only one paper which shown presence of styloid crystals in the style and ovary cells in X. annuum (Kartal, 2016).…”

Phenolic compounds and antimicrobial properties of Begonia grandis Dryand. subsp. grandis leaves

“…The profile of exudate compounds was studied in detail in representatives of a few families including Asteraceae (Wol len weber et al 1995, Valant-Vetschera et al 2003a, Wol len we ber et al 2005a, Valant-Vetschera & Wollenweber 2007, Muravnik et al 2016, Betulaceae (Valkama et al 2003), Boraginaceae (Wollenweber et al 2002), Empetraceae (Mu rav nik & Shavarda 2012), Lamiaceae (Valant-Vetschera et al 2003b), Salicaceae (English et al 1992, Greenaway et al 1992, Oleaceae (Tattini et al 2000), Scrophulariaceae, Ra nun culaceae (Nikolova et al 2003, Nikolova & Asenov 2006, Rubiaceae (Muravnik et al 2014), and Solanaceae (Wol len weber 2005b). Among these, mainly aglycones of fla vones, flavonols, and flavanones and their hydroxy de ri va tives and methyl ethers were found.…”

“…The time of extraction is in the range from several seconds (Tattini et al 2000, Heinrich et al 2002, Valkama et al 2003 to several minutes (Nikolova et al 2003). In many reports, the expressions "briefly rinsed" or "very briefl y rinsed" are present (Wollenweber et al 1995, ValantVet sche ra et al 2003a, Valant-Vetschera & Wollenweber 2007. The scope of reports on exudate-derived compounds of the leaves does not correspond to the great taxonomic diver sity of plants.…”

Insect herbivory in alpine grasslands is constrained by community and host traits

“…Species of the genus Ranunculus (Ranunculaceae) contain ranunculin (Benn et al 2010), a lactone glucoside that is enzymatically broken into glucose and the toxic protoanemonin on mechanical leaf damage (Hill & Van Heyningen 1951); furthermore, various alkaloids and glycosides are typical for Ranunculaceae. Most plants in the subfamily Cichorioideae (Asteraceae) contain a sticky, latex-like chyle; its major components are flavones and flavonols as well as glycosides (Valant-Vetschera & Wollenweber 2007). Several latex chemicals (terpenoids, rubber) and enzymes (oxidase, phenyl alanine ammonia lyase) were confirmed or at least suspected to have a defence role against herbivorous insects (see citations in Konno 2011).…”