Chemistry of Topical Fluorides

Grøn, P.

doi:10.1159/000260300

Cited by 63 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Moreover, it is suggested that the hafnium and zirconium ions might also act chemically, as it is known that metal ions lead to an increased fluoride retention into enamel due to their ability to complex with fluoride. 20 Although HfF 4 -and ZrF 4 -treated samples are not significantly different in the present study, it seems unlikely that the protective efficacy of HfF4 is affected by zirconium impurities, as the fraction of zirconium in the hafnium powder amounts to 1% only.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Protection of short-time enamel erosion by different tetrafluoride compounds

Wiegand

Laabs

Gressmann

et al. 2008

Archives of Oral Biology

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OBJECTIVE: This in vitro study aimed to analyse the protective effect of differently concentrated titanium (TiF(4)), zirconium (ZrF(4)) and hafnium (HfF(4)) tetrafluoride on enamel erosion. METHODS: Polished enamel surfaces of 36 bovine crowns were covered with tape leaving 4 enamel windows each 3mm in diameter exposed. The crowns were randomly assigned to six groups (each n=6) and pretreated with 4% TiF(4), 10% TiF(4), 4% ZrF(4), 10% ZrF(4), 4% HfF(4) or 10% HfF(4) for 4 min (first window), 10 min (second window) or 15 min (third window). The fourth window of each crown was not pretreated and served as control. Erosion was performed stepwise with 1% HCl (pH 2) in five consecutive intervals of each 15 s (total 75 s). Enamel dissolution was quantified by colorimetric determination of phosphate release into the acid. For each tooth, cumulative phosphate loss of enamel pretreated with one of the tetrafluoride compounds was calculated as percentage of the respective control and statistically analysed using two-way ANOVA. RESULTS: Enamel erosion was significantly reduced by TiF(4), ZrF(4) and HfF(4) application. Cumulative phosphate loss (mean % of control, 75s erosion) after 4-15 min application was significantly lower for 4% ZrF(4) (7-11%), 10% ZrF(4) (2-6%), 4% HfF(4) (11-9%) and 10% HfF(4) (12-16%) compared to 4% TiF(4) (42-27%) and 10% TiF(4) (54-33%). Only for 4% and 10% TiF(4), phosphate loss decreased with increasing duration of application, but also increased with increasing acid intervals. CONCLUSION: TiF(4), ZrF(4) and HfF(4) might protect enamel against short-time erosion, but protection was more enhanced by ZrF(4) and HfF(4) compared to TiF(4) application overtime. 1 Protection of short-time enamel erosion by different tetrafluoride compounds AbstractObjective: This in-vitro-study aimed to analyse the protective effect of differently concentrated titanium (TiF 4 ), zirconium (ZrF 4 ) and hafnium (HfF 4 ) tetrafluoride on enamel erosion.Methods: Polished enamel surfaces of 36 bovine crowns were covered with tape leaving 4 enamel windows each 3 mm in diameter exposed. The crowns were randomly assigned to 6 groups (each n = 6) and pretreated with 4% TiF 4 , 10% TiF 4 , 4% ZrF 4 , 10% ZrF 4 , 4% HfF 4 or 10% HfF 4 for 4 min (1 st window), 10 min (2 nd window) or 15 min (3 rd window). The 4 th window of each crown was not pretreated and served as control. Erosion was performed stepwise with 1% HCl (pH 2) in five consecutive intervals of each 15 s (total 75 s). Enamel dissolution was quantified by colorimetric determination of phosphate release into the acid.For each tooth, cumulative phosphate loss of enamel pretreated with one of the tetrafluoride compounds was calculated as percentage of the respective control and statistically analysed using two-way ANOVA.Results: Enamel erosion was significantly reduced by TiF 4 , ZrF 4 and HfF 4 application.Cumulative phosphate loss (mean % of control, 75 s erosion) after 4-15 min application was significantly lower for 4% ZrF 4 (7-11%), 10% ZrF 4 (2-6%), 4% HfF ...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Protection of short-time enamel erosion by different tetrafluoride compounds

Wiegand

Laabs

Gressmann

et al. 2008

Archives of Oral Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The inhibiting effect of TiF 4 has also been demonstrated in previous studies [Büyükyilmaz et al, 1997;van Rijkom et al, 2003]. The fl uoride-metal complexes may inhibit demineralisation by prolonging the time of fl uoride retention [McCann, 1969;Grøn, 1977]. Furthermore, the pH value of the solutions is low and causes a demineralisation of the enamel surface and formation of HF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Furthermore, the pH value of the solutions is low and causes a demineralisation of the enamel surface and formation of HF. This may both enhance the depth of penetration of fl uoride ions and promote the formation of CaF 2 [Aasenden et al, 1968a, b;Grøn, 1977]. The metal ions also exhibit a strong tendency to complex with phosphate groups [Mundorff et al, 1972].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Protective Effect of TiF<sub>4</sub>, SnF<sub>2</sub> and NaF on Erosion of Enamel by Hydrochloric Acid in vitro Measured by White Light Interferometry

et al. 2006

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The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the protective effect of TiF₄, SnF₂ and NaF (all 0.5 M F) on the development of erosion-like lesions in human dental enamel. Four enamel specimens from each of 6 extracted molars were polished and embedded in epoxy resin. The enamel surfaces of 3 specimens from each tooth were treated with the different fluoride solutions for 2 min. Following fluoride treatments, the specimens were immersed in 0.01 M HCl (pH 2.0), for 2, 4 and 6 min in order to mimic a gastric reflux situation. One specimen from each tooth was used as a control and was only exposed to acid. The etching depths (in micrometres) after 6 min were: TiF₄0.8 (SD 0.8), SnF₂ 3.5 (SD 0.7), NaF 5.3 (SD 0.4), and 7.0 (SD 0.3) for the control specimens. Compared to the control, TiF₄ protected the enamel surface from acid attack almost completely (88%), while SnF₂ reduced the etch depth after 6 min by 50% and NaF by 25%.

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“…The regimens included in this study re present examples of a number of different approaches which have been described in the literature for enhancing the retention and treatment effect of topically applied fluorides [Gron, 1977], The majority of the reports on APF followed by SnFi have dealt with its effect on acid solubility re duction. Since several investigators [Brudevold et al, 1965;Brown et al, 1977] have concluded that the rate of acid solu bility is of little importance in relation to protection against caries, it was felt that additional testing using a different system was indicated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SEM and Electron Microprobe Analysis of Enamel Treated with Two-Step Topical Fluorides in vitro

et al. 1983

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Sound, human enamel slabs treated in vitro with (1) APF followed by SnF₂, (2) DCPD followed by Basic Phosphate Fluoride (BPF) or (3) TiCl₄ followed by APF were examined with the scanning electron microscope and electron microprobe prior to and after washing in an inorganic wash solution. APF/SnF₂ deposited a dense, homogeneous coating which was resistant to washing. TiCI₄ pretreatment resulted in enamel etching, and subsequent APF application resulted in a variable distribution of Ti and F. The deposited F appeared to be of a labile nature. DCPD pretreatment left the surface essentially intact, and BPF resulted in a uniform surface coating. Following the wash, the surface was covered with a lattice-like, crystalline network. These observations may help explain previous results regarding artificial caries-like lesion formation.

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Chemistry of Topical Fluorides

Cited by 63 publications

References 50 publications

Protection of short-time enamel erosion by different tetrafluoride compounds

Protection of short-time enamel erosion by different tetrafluoride compounds

The Protective Effect of TiF<sub>4</sub>, SnF<sub>2</sub> and NaF on Erosion of Enamel by Hydrochloric Acid in vitro Measured by White Light Interferometry

SEM and Electron Microprobe Analysis of Enamel Treated with Two-Step Topical Fluorides in vitro

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