Protection of short-time enamel erosion by different tetrafluoride compounds

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: This in vitro study aimed to analyse the protective effect of differently concentrated titanium (TiF(4)), zirconium (ZrF(4)) and hafnium (HfF(4)) tetrafluoride on enamel erosion. METHODS: Polished enamel surfaces of 36 bovine crowns were covered with tape leaving 4 enamel windows each 3mm in diameter exposed. The crowns were randomly assigned to six groups (each n=6) and pretreated with 4% TiF(4), 10% TiF(4), 4% ZrF(4), 10% ZrF(4), 4% HfF(4) or 10% HfF(4) for 4 min (first window), 10 min (second window) or 15 min (third window). The fourth window of each crown was not pretreated and served as control. Erosion was performed stepwise with 1% HCl (pH 2) in five consecutive intervals of each 15 s (total 75 s). Enamel dissolution was quantified by colorimetric determination of phosphate release into the acid. For each tooth, cumulative phosphate loss of enamel pretreated with one of the tetrafluoride compounds was calculated as percentage of the respective control and statistically analysed using two-way ANOVA. RESULTS: Enamel erosion was significantly reduced by TiF(4), ZrF(4) and HfF(4) application. Cumulative phosphate loss (mean % of control, 75s erosion) after 4-15 min application was significantly lower for 4% ZrF(4) (7-11%), 10% ZrF(4) (2-6%), 4% HfF(4) (11-9%) and 10% HfF(4) (12-16%) compared to 4% TiF(4) (42-27%) and 10% TiF(4) (54-33%). Only for 4% and 10% TiF(4), phosphate loss decreased with increasing duration of application, but also increased with increasing acid intervals. CONCLUSION: TiF(4), ZrF(4) and HfF(4) might protect enamel against short-time erosion, but protection was more enhanced by ZrF(4) and HfF(4) compared to TiF(4) application overtime. 1 Protection of short-time enamel erosion by different tetrafluoride compounds AbstractObjective: This in-vitro-study aimed to analyse the protective effect of differently concentrated titanium (TiF 4 ), zirconium (ZrF 4 ) and hafnium (HfF 4 ) tetrafluoride on enamel erosion.Methods: Polished enamel surfaces of 36 bovine crowns were covered with tape leaving 4 enamel windows each 3 mm in diameter exposed. The crowns were randomly assigned to 6 groups (each n = 6) and pretreated with 4% TiF 4 , 10% TiF 4 , 4% ZrF 4 , 10% ZrF 4 , 4% HfF 4 or 10% HfF 4 for 4 min (1 st window), 10 min (2 nd window) or 15 min (3 rd window). The 4 th window of each crown was not pretreated and served as control. Erosion was performed stepwise with 1% HCl (pH 2) in five consecutive intervals of each 15 s (total 75 s). Enamel dissolution was quantified by colorimetric determination of phosphate release into the acid.For each tooth, cumulative phosphate loss of enamel pretreated with one of the tetrafluoride compounds was calculated as percentage of the respective control and statistically analysed using two-way ANOVA.Results: Enamel erosion was significantly reduced by TiF 4 , ZrF 4 and HfF 4 application.Cumulative phosphate loss (mean % of control, 75 s erosion) after 4-15 min application was significantly lower for 4% ZrF 4 (7-11%), 10% ZrF 4 (2-6%), 4% HfF ...

Durability of the anti-erosive effect of surfaces sealants under erosive abrasive conditions

“…Due to these findings, a more patient independent approach seems to be desirable. Furthermore, the durability of the anti-erosive effect of topically applied fluorides or the above mentioned new agents are limited, ranging from a few seconds (75 s) [18] up to few minutes (3.5 -18 min) [12,19] after a single application.…”

Titanium Tetrafluoride (TiF4) in the Treatment of Dental Erosion

“…As a result, TiF 4 action has been widely studied 19,[28][29][30] in Dentistry. In the form of TiF 4 , this fluoride presents satisfactory stability and particular mechanism of action in relation to the other fluorides.…”

“…Since TiF 4 enables the formation of this acid-resistant layer, it is responsible for the production of a diffusion barrier and a reservoir of F ions, which may delay the dissolution of dental tissue exposed to acidic challenges 25 . For this reason, its effect on erosion has been studied and has obtained promising results in both enamel 19,20,30,39,42 and dentin 43 . These results are dependent on the concentration, form of presentation, pH and time of application of TiF 4 26,30,39 .…”

“…Among them fluorides may be cited 19,20 , the use of antacid solutions 21 , high potency lasers 22 , adhesives 23 and sealants 24 . Fluorides are known to form a layer of mineral precipitates on the dental surface 6 .…”

Efeito preventivo de um verniz experimental de tetrafluoreto de titânio sobre a cárie e erosão dentárias: estudos <i>in vitro</i>, <i>in situ</i> e revisões bibliográficas

“…Thereby, ZrCl lead to the formation of a relatively thick surface coating, while titaniumchloride pretreatment showed a thinner and fragile surface coating (Clarkson et al, 1984). Thus, it can be speculated that HfF 4 and ZrF 4 application might also lead to a mechanical protection of dental hard tissues the enamel surface, which shows a similar mode of action as the TiF 4 glaze-like layer (Wiegand et al, 2008a). Moreover, it is suggested that the protective effect of HfF 4 and ZrF 4 might also due to act chemical interaction with the apatite, as it is known that metal ions lead to an increased fluoride retention due to their ability to complex with fluoride.…”