Chemistry of organosulphur compound types occurring in heavy oil sands

Clark, Peter D.; Hyne, J. B.

doi:10.1016/0016-2361(84)90094-2

Cited by 72 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Acidic sulfur compounds are very reactive and easy to remove, while nonacidic sulfur are stable and resistant against desulfurization. 54 Sulfur content in crude oil ranges from 0.1% (w/w) to 5.0% (w/w). According to sulfur content, crude oils are classified as sweet (<0.5% S) and sour (>0.5% S).…”

Section: Sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds In Heavymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on the Reaction Mechanism of Hydrodesulfurization and Hydrodenitrogenation in Heavy Oil Upgrading

et al. 2021

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The future of fuel supply will undoubtedly involve the utilization of heavy crude oils, including those from nonconventional sources, such as bitumen and oil shale. Because of their dense nature and poor compositional characteristics, heavy oils cannot be admitted straightly as refinery feeds, since the direct processing of such oils hardly produces engine fuels of commercial standard. The currently available refinery setups also require substantial retrofitting in order to process such heavy feeds. Thus, heavy oils must undergo an initial upgrading called hydrotreatment (HDT) by which the feeds are converted to qualified fuel oils or synthetic crude (syncrude) for easy handling. Removing the considerable amount of sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) compounds present in the heavy crude oils selectively by hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN), respectively, is among the most critical and challenging aspects of the upgrading. However, the mechanism of these two reactions, in relation to different catalytic sites, temperature, pressure, and other operation variables, is not fully understood or well-documented. By analyzing the possible reaction routes involved in S and N removal by HDT, this review sets to bridge the gap that has been left void for a long period of time, to serve as a guide for innovative heavy crude oil upgrading technologies. It finally reports the current challenges impeding the speedy inclusion of heavy crude oils into the global oil supply stream, and proffer perspective solutions together with future research trends.

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Section: Sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds In Heavymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The acidic are the thiols, while the nonacidic are the thiophenes and their derivatives. Acidic sulfur compounds are very reactive and easy to remove, while nonacidic sulfur are stable and resistant against desulfurization . Sulfur content in crude oil ranges from 0.1% (w/w) to 5.0% (w/w).…”

Section: Sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds In Heavy Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Reaction Mechanism of Hydrodesulfurization and Hydrodenitrogenation in Heavy Oil Upgrading

et al. 2021

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“…These components participated in subsequent reactions generating others, such as hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen and carbon oxides. Based on the results obtained, an overall reaction scheme was proposed [154,[162][163][164]:…”

Section: Chemistry and Kinetics Of The Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plenty of Room at the Bottom: Nanotechnology as Solution to an Old Issue in Enhanced Oil Recovery

2018

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During the past half-century, the prefix "nano" attached to several words, such as "technology", "motors", "device", and so on has denoted cutting-edge research fields and topics at the forefront of classical scientific disciplines. Possible application fields have been frequently evoked, even if real-life examples are still difficult to find. The present review analyzes how nanotechnology is utilized in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes so as to increase the efficiency of mature oilfields. Nanotechnology in EOR is classified into three categories: nanoparticles/nanofluids, nanoemulsions, and nanocatalysts. The advantages at the nanoscale are also described and discussed, including an overview of manufacturing methods as well as the concerns about their possible environmental impacts. Clearly, nanotechnology has the potential to boost EOR techniques, although there are still many questions and drawbacks to be tackled.

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“…With this method, more heavy components of heavy oil are pyrolyzed to small molecules, and the viscosity of heavy oil reduced irreversibly eventually. These changes benefit the heavy oil exploitation [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. This method is called "catalytic aquathermolysis".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%