Chemistry of Materials Nanoarchitectonics for Two-Dimensional Films: Langmuir–Blodgett, Layer-by-Layer Assembly, and Newcomers

Abstract

Considering the creation of functional materials based on nanoscience, an emerging concept of nanoarchitectonics has been proposed to combine nanotechnology with other material-related fields. Nanoarchitectonics aims to establish universal methodologies to architect functional materials using nanounits of atoms, molecules, and nanomaterials. The ultimate goal of nanoarchitectonics is to construct high-performance functional materials, as seen for those in biological systems. Functional molecules in biological systems are rationally integrated, mostly on the basis of various membrane structures. With this in mind, this review discusses materials nanoarchitectonics for two-dimensional films. As major methods, the Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) method and the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly are first focused. The standard LB method for various materials and technical extensions of the LB method are initially discussed, and then the LbL assembly with certain advances is described. After that, some examples of other advanced twodimensional techniques for materials creation are presented. Although standard methodologies have long histories (more than 100 years for LB and 30 years for LbL), their developments are still active using out of common sense conditions and introducing emerging nanomaterials. Especially, this paper demonstrates that out-of-box thinking will lead to the development of new thin film nanoarchitectonics.

Influence of Molecular Weight on the Enzymatic Degradation of PLA Isomer Blends by a Langmuir System

“…Enantiomeric PLAs were synthesized by solution polymerization at 70~120 °C in toluene for 12~48 h using tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (0~10 wt% of lactide) as a catalyst in a nitrogen atmosphere. This method allows synthesizing PLA directly from the lactide monomer and can produce a desired molecular weight by varying the amount of catalyst, polymerization temperature, and reaction time [ 24 ]. This procedure accounts for a high-boiling-point solvent, which helps to remove water as a byproduct.…”

Layer-by-layer designer nanoarchitectonics for physical and chemical communications in functional materials

“…These two methods are also powerful tools for the fabrication of functional structures that can be taken to good use in nanoarchitectonics. 35…”

Materials Nanoarchitectonics at Dynamic Interfaces: Structure Formation and Functional Manipulation

“…In other words, nanoarchitectonics at dynamic interfaces is important. In particular, thin film fabrication at the interface will be an important methodology for this target [ 342 , 343 , 344 ]. One method for forming dynamic structures at interfaces that do not move, such as individuals, is the vacuum deposition method [ 345 , 346 , 347 ].…”