Chemistry of long‐chain peroxy acids under laundry conditions

Bolsman, T. A. B. M.; Kok, Russell; Vreugdenhil, A. D.

doi:10.1007/bf02660586

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Bleaching in solutions containing an excess of per~ oxycarboxylic acid obeys pseudo-first-order kinetics (13). AS shown in Figure 10, the resistance of natural colors and synthetic food dyes varies widely.…”

Section: Desorption Of Stain the Difficulty In Stain Removal Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The more practical alternative is to convert hydrogen peroxide to a peroxyacid. While preformed peroxycarboxylic acids I5,9-15} still await commercial acceptance" peracids generated by a "bleach activator" in the detergent solution are in commercial use {5, 6,8,16-21}. Bleaching in solution has been shown to obey pseudofirst-order kinetics (13). However, the kinetics and mechanisms for bleaching of stain residing in fibers are not sufficiently understood.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Kinetics of staining and bleaching

Kissa

Dohner

Gibson

et al. 1991

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Kinetics of staining and stain removal have been studied with food dyes and natural colorants. Kinetics of staining indicate that the staining agent is adsorbed on the fiber surface and diffuses into the interior of the fibers. Similarities exist between staining and dyeing mechanisms of cotton, polyester and nylon fibers.Stain removal by nonoxidative detergency involves dlffusion of the staining agent from the interior of fibers and desorption from the fiber surface. The kinetics of stain removal by bleaching with peroxyacids or activated sodium perborate depend on the affinity of the stain to fibers. When desorption of stain is rapid, bleaching of the stain in solution is the rate-determining step and stain removal obeys pseudo-first-order kinetics.When the stain is washfast, the concentration of the stain in fibers decreases with the square root of time, indicating a diffusion process. The peroxygen bleaching agent is sorbed in the subsurface of fibers or diffuses into the interior of fibers. If bleaching occurs in the outer perimeter of fibers, the rate-determining step may be the diffusion of stain molecules from the interior of fibers to the location of the bleaching agent. On the other hand, if bleaching occurs within fibers, the rate-determining step may be diffusion of the bleaching agent to the stain located within the fibers.

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Section: Desorption Of Stain the Difficulty In Stain Removal Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of staining and bleaching

Kissa

Dohner

Gibson

et al. 1991

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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“…36 In this study, both aliphatic and aromatic peroxycarboxylic acid compounds of various chain-lengths and degrees of branching were tested, under a range of conditions. In 1988, Bolsman et al published a study examining the relationship between peroxy acid structure and bleaching performance for a range of 13 mono-and diperoxycarboxylic acids.…”

Section: Performance Of Peroxy Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35 Under these conditions, sodium perborate was ineffective. 35,36 Instead, sodium hypochlorite solution became the traditional bleaching agent. The use of sodium hypochlorite for the bleaching of cloth was rst developed by Berthollet in the 1780s, 37 and was quickly adopted on both sides of the Atlantic for the industrial bleaching of cotton, among other uses.…”

Section: Regional Variations In Washing Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bleaching systems in domestic laundry detergents: a review

2015

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Laundry detergent is an indispensable commodity which is used by consumers worldwide. The global market for laundry detergents is in the region of $60.9 billion (2012, based on retail value), of which $11.7 billion comes from Western Europe. Non-chlorine bleach was incorporated in a detergent for the first time just over a century ago and it remains an important component of detergents, particularly powder detergents. Detergent development is mainly carried out in industrial laboratories and, as a result, relatively few papers have been published in this area. The aim of this review is to compile this information, along with that contained in the patent literature and other sources, to give future researchers a more comprehensive overview of this important topic. Specifically, oxygen-based bleaching systems have been examined, with focus on their development through the years. Current research targets as described by the available literature are also discussed, such as the development of better bleaching species, alternative bleach systems, and steps to incorporate a bleaching system in liquid laundry detergents (a key development which continues to elude researchers).

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“…Such activators are also more effective in dilute wash baths, such as those in North America, because the peracid is surface-active which may well lead to increased local concentrations of peracid at the fiber surface (9). SNOBS (5) is a good example of such an activator.…”

Section: Bleaching Mechanisms Of Bleach Activatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%