Chemistry and pharmacology of the citrus bioflavonoid hesperidin

Abstract

Hesperidin, a bioflavonoid, is an abundant and inexpensive by-product of Citrus cultivation. A deficiency of this substance in the diet has been linked with abnormal capillary leakiness as well as pain in the extremities causing aches, weakness and night leg cramps. No signs of toxicity have been observed with the normal intake of hesperidin or related compounds. Both hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin have been reported to possess a wide range of pharmacological properties. This paper reviews various aspects of hesperidin and its related compounds, including their occurrence, physical and chemical properties, analysis, pharmacokinetics, safety and toxicity and the marketed products available. A special emphasis has been laid on the pharmacological properties and medicinal uses of these compounds.

Exploring the Potential Role of Chemopreventive Agent, Hesperetin Conjugated Pegylated Gold Nanoparticles in Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Male Wistar Albino Rats

“…Units: ICDH, nmoles of a-ketoglutarate liberated/min/mg protein; a-KGDH, nmoles of ferrocyanide liberated/min/mg protein; SDH, nmoles of succinate oxidized/min/mg protein; MDH, nmoles of NADH oxidized/min/mg protein; NADH dehydrogenase, nmoles of NADH oxidized/min/mg protein; cytochrome C oxidase, nmoles of cytochrome C oxidized/min/mg protein implications for example, HP possess vitamin-like activity and can decrease capillary permeability (vitamin P) leakiness and fragility. HP shows a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antihypertensive and anti allergic properties [36]. HP is reported to be a powerful radical scavenger and a promoter of cellular antioxidant defense-related enzyme activities [35].…”

The Occurrence, Fate and Biological Activities ofC-glycosyl Flavonoids in the Human Diet

“…Vicenin-2 is also present in the lemon fruit (Citrus limon) (Gil-Izquierdo et al, 2003), (Baldi et al, 1995) and chrysoeriol 6,8-di-C--D-glucoside (stellarin-2) (Garg et al, 2001) are present alongside two mono-C-glycosylated analogues, diosmetin 6-C--Dglucoside (Miyake et al, 1997), and diosmetin 8-C--D-glucoside (Abad-Garcia et al, 2008).…”

A comparative study on the antioxidant effects of hesperidin and ellagic acid against skeletal muscle ischemia/reperfusion injury

“…Hesperidin (HES), a natural flavonoid, exists in fruits and vegetables 21 . HES also have wide pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer and antiallergic effects [22][23][24] .…”