Chemistry and biology of eukaryotic iron metabolism

Aisen, Philip; Enns, Caroline A.; Wessling‐Resnick, Marianne

doi:10.1016/s1357-2725(01)00063-2

Cited by 701 publications

(536 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…Hephaestin, a ceruloplasm-like ferro-oxidase, and a transport protein ferroportin appear involved in the exodus of iron from the intestinal mucosa [39]. Hephastin is a multicopper enzyme that can oxidize ferrous(II) to ferric(III) for incorporation into transferrin that binds only the ferric form.…”

Section: Physiology Of Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron deficiency: A concise review

2005

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Iron deficiency is a major worldwide health problem. There is recent evidence that the anemia is only the last manifestation of the syndrome and that symptoms occur before the anemia is manifest. Advances in outlining the physiology of iron deficiency have been made, gaps remain in the current understanding. While oral iron supplement remains the mainstay, some indications for the intravenous administration have developed. This review will highlight the epidemiology, physiology, clinical presentation, and treatment options. Am.

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Section: Physiology Of Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron deficiency: A concise review

2005

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“…As often noted (1)(2)(3)(4) iron is needed in organisms in relatively large amounts. A 70-kg adult human has Ϸ5 g of iron (Ϸ10 Ϫ3 M for body volume), whereas a bacterial cell of 10 Ϫ9 cm 3 requires 10 5 to 10 6 ferric ions per generation to maintain the required 10 Ϫ6 M internal concentration (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Enterobactin: An archetype for microbial iron transport

Raymond

Dertz

Kim

2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

792

692

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Bacteria have aggressive acquisition processes for iron, an essential nutrient. Siderophores are small iron chelators that facilitate cellular iron transport. The siderophore enterobactin is a triscatechol derivative of a cyclic triserine lactone. Studies of the chemistry, regulation, synthesis, recognition, and transport of enterobactin make it perhaps the best understood of the siderophore-mediated iron uptake systems, displaying a lot of function packed into this small molecule. However, recent surprises include the isolation of corynebactin, a closely related trithreonine triscatechol derivative lactone first found in Gram-positive bacteria, and the crystal structure of a ferric enterobactin complex of a protein identified as an antibacterial component of the human innate immune system.

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“…Under physiological conditions, iron should be shielded from reactions that lead to the formation of various reactive oxygen species by binding to Tf (18). However, NTBI is often present in redox reactions and produces reactive oxygen species that are toxic to cells (3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved quantification for non-transferrin-bound iron measurement using high-performance liquid chromatography by reducing iron contamination

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) refers to all forms of iron in the plasma that bind to ligands other than transferrin, and is considered to be a marker of iron toxicity. A variety of analytical approaches for measuring NTBI have been reported; however, a clinically relevant level of sensitivity has yet to be achieved. In addition, insufficient values of NTBI in some patients and healthy subjects have led to the assumption that there may be contamination of reagents with background iron. The present study re-evaluated the analytical procedures of the assay with regard to the potential points of iron contamination in each step. NTA and tris carbonatocobaltate (III) solutions were prepared with removal of iron contamination, and then quantification of NTBI was performed. As a result, the sensitivity of the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based NTBI method was improved by the successful reduction of background iron contamination. Application of our modified method proved that NTBI was detected even in healthy volunteers, although the concentrations were extremely low; the average NTBI levels were 0.206±0.091 µM (males, n=20) and 0.212±0.095 µM (females, n=16). Thus, our modification of the NTBI assay may be clinically meaningful, and may contribute to the understanding of the clinical significance of relatively low, but elevated concentrations of NTBI in diseases other than typical iron overload.

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Chemistry and biology of eukaryotic iron metabolism

Cited by 701 publications

References 138 publications

Iron deficiency: A concise review

Iron deficiency: A concise review

Enterobactin: An archetype for microbial iron transport

Improved quantification for non-transferrin-bound iron measurement using high-performance liquid chromatography by reducing iron contamination

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