Chemistry and Applications of Organosilanes – An Overview

Abstract

Organofunctional silanes are hybrid materials of silanes having attracted greater attention since the last decade owing to its versatile properties and wide range of applications. In this review, we have summarized the types of organosilanes (RnSiX4-n), their reactions, and applications. Organosilanes usually have two reactive groups, organofunctional groups and hydrolyzable alkoxy groups, which undergo hydrolysis and condensation. Silanols (Si-OH) and siloxane (Si-O-Si) structures are formed by hydrolysis and condensation reactions, respectively. In general, organosilanes acts as excellent binding agent due to its bridging capacity through (Si-O-Si) bond linkage with metal surfaces. From the extensive literature survey carried out, we understand that the silanes are synthesized without comprehending the reaction kinetics mechanism. In the past few decades, significant advances were witnessed in the development of various organofunctional silanes, which were used in a wide range of research areas based on its bifunctional characteristics.