Chemistry and aerosols in the marine boundary layer: 1-D modelling of the three ACE-2 Lagrangian experiments

Suhre, Karsten; Crassier, Vincent; Mari, C.; Rosset, R.; Johnson, Doug; Osborne, S.; Wood, Robert; Andreae, Meinrat O.; Bandy, Brian; Bates, T. S.; Gerbig, Christoph; Raes, Frank; Rudolph, J.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00221-1

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Since we focus on the vertical distribution of sea-salt particles, it is important that we introduce an adjustment to the synoptic-scale vertical wind that leads to closer agreement with the observed MBL height. Based on another model study of the ACE-2 2L, Suhre et al (2000) had to increase the SST by about 1 K with respect to the ECMWF analyses to achieve the observed MBL development. The increase in cloud top height at the end of the simulation shown in Fig.…”

Section: Results (A) Thermodynamic and Dynamic Evolution Of The Boundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea‐salt aerosols over the north‐east Atlantic: Model simulations of the ACE‐2 Second Lagrangian experiment

Glantz

Svensson

Noone

et al. 2004

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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SUMMARYA one-dimensional ensemble-average model is used in this study to simulate the North Atlantic regional Aerosol Characterisation Experiment (ACE-2) Second Lagrangian experiment, where the same air mass was followed in the trade wind area over the north-east Atlantic during July 1997. The air mass was affected by increased sea surface temperatures and decreased synoptic-scale subsidence on its way southward towards the Canary Islands. This caused the marine boundary layer (MBL) to grow from a shallow layer capped by a stratocumulus deck to a decoupled layer with cumulus clouds forming below the stratocumulus layer.Several of the meteorological parameters obtained during a control run show reasonable agreement with observations. The model essentially captures the MBL growth, but the increase of the cloud top height occurs more slowly in the simulation than is indicated by the in situ observations. The sea surface temperature increase seems to be the most important factor for the deepening of the MBL.The model simulates relatively steep vertical gradients in the sea-salt mass concentrations both in the shallow and deeper MBLs, consistent with in situ measurements. Furthermore, the sea-salt particle mass concentrations estimated by the model for most of the altitude levels in the MBL are within 22% of the observed concentrations of sea-salt-related ions. Turbulent mixing by wind shear did not create well-mixed MBLs based on the sea-salt mass concentrations. Vertical gradients in sea-salt number and mass concentrations suggest a reduced influence of sea-salt particles as cloud condensation nuclei.

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Section: Results (A) Thermodynamic and Dynamic Evolution Of The Boundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea‐salt aerosols over the north‐east Atlantic: Model simulations of the ACE‐2 Second Lagrangian experiment

Glantz

Svensson

Noone

et al. 2004

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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“…SO 2 is oxidised to sulfate in the aqueous phase by O 3 , H 2 O 2 and transition metal-catalysed oxidation by O 2 (Sander et al, 1995;Bower et al, 1997). H 2 O 2 is commonly modelled to be the most important in-cloud oxidant, due to the strong pH dependence of oxidation by O 3 , and the low concentrations of transition metals combined with the slower modelled rate of transition metal-catalysed oxidation (Bower and Choularton, 1993;Sander et al, 1995;Suhre et al, 2000;Hegg et al, 2004). However, recent results suggest transitionmetal ion catalysed oxidation (TMI-catalysis) was the dominant oxidation pathway in clouds at HCCT-2010, and is therefore strongly underestimated in models (Harris et al, 2013;Alexander et al, 2009).…”

Section: E Harris Et Al: Cloud Processing During Hcct-2010mentioning

confidence: 99%

In-cloud sulfate addition to single particles resolved with sulfur isotope analysis during HCCT-2010

et al. 2014

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Abstract. In-cloud production of sulfate modifies aerosol size distribution, with important implications for the magnitude of indirect and direct aerosol cooling and the impact of SO 2 emissions on the environment. We investigate which sulfate sources dominate the in-cloud addition of sulfate to different particle classes as an air parcel passes through an orographic cloud. Sulfate aerosol, SO 2 and H 2 SO 4 were collected upwind, in-cloud and downwind of an orographic cloud for three cloud measurement events during the Hill Cap Cloud Thuringia campaign in autumn 2010 (HCCT-2010). Combined SEM and NanoSIMS analysis of single particles allowed the δ 34 S of particulate sulfate to be resolved for particle size and type.The most important in-cloud SO 2 oxidation pathway at HCCT-2010 was aqueous oxidation catalysed by transition metal ions (TMI catalysis), which was shown with single particle isotope analyses to occur primarily in cloud droplets nucleated on coarse mineral dust. In contrast, direct uptake of H 2 SO 4 (g) and ultrafine particulate were the most important sources modifying fine mineral dust, increasing its hygroscopicity and facilitating activation. Sulfate addition to "mixed" particles (secondary organic and inorganic aerosol) and coated soot was dominated by in-cloud aqueous SO 2 oxidation by H 2 O 2 and direct uptake of H 2 SO 4 (g) and ultrafine particle sulfate, depending on particle size mode and time of day. These results provide new insight into in-cloud sulfate production mechanisms, and show the importance of single particle measurements and models to accurately assess the environmental effects of cloud processing.

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“…The chemistry scheme includes 37 chemical species and 128 chemical reactions Tulet et al, 2003;Suhre et al, 2000). The vertical profiles of ozone, CO, NO x , PAN, isoprene and monoterpenes are initialized from nocturnal average profiles (the simulation begins at 00:00 UTC) deduced from the idealized 2-D MesoNH modelling study of Saunois et al (2008), where the MesoNH model was used to reproduce the typical monsoon regime and the associated distributions of ozone and its precursors over West Africa.…”

Section: Mesonh-chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogenic nitrogen oxide emissions from soils – impact on NO<sub>x</sub> and ozone over West Africa during AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Experiment): modelling study

et al. 2008

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Abstract. Nitrogen oxide biogenic emissions from soils are driven by soil and environmental parameters. The relationship between these parameters and NO fluxes is highly non linear. A new algorithm, based on a neural network calculation, is used to reproduce the NO biogenic emissions linked to precipitations in the Sahel on the 6 August 2006 during the AMMA campaign. This algorithm has been coupled in the surface scheme of a coupled chemistry dynamics model (MesoNH Chemistry) to estimate the impact of the NO emissions on NO x and O 3 formation in the lower troposphere for this particular episode. Four different simulations on the same domain and at the same period are compared: one with anthropogenic emissions only, one with soil NO emissions from a static inventory, at low time and space resolution, one with NO emissions from neural network, and one with NO from neural network plus lightning NO x . The influence of NO x from lightning is limited to the upper troposphere. The NO emission from soils calculated with neural network responds to changes in soil moisture giving enhanced emissions over the wetted soil, as observed by aircraft measurements after the passing of a convective system. The subsequent enhancement of NO x and ozone is limited to the lowest layers of the atmosphere in modelling, whereas measurements show higher concentrations above 1000 m. The neural network algorithm, applied in the Sahel region for one particular day of the wet season, allows an immediate response of fluxes to environmental parameters, unlike static emission inventories. Stewart et al. (2008) is a companion paper to this one which looks at NO x and ozone concentrations in the boundary layer as measured on a research aircraft, examinesCorrespondence to: C. Delon (claire.delon@aero.obs-mip.fr) how they vary with respect to the soil moisture, as indicated by surface temperature anomalies, and deduces NO x fluxes. In this current paper the model-derived results are compared to the observations and calculated fluxes presented by Stewart et al. (2008).

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Chemistry and aerosols in the marine boundary layer: 1-D modelling of the three ACE-2 Lagrangian experiments

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Sea‐salt aerosols over the north‐east Atlantic: Model simulations of the ACE‐2 Second Lagrangian experiment

Sea‐salt aerosols over the north‐east Atlantic: Model simulations of the ACE‐2 Second Lagrangian experiment

In-cloud sulfate addition to single particles resolved with sulfur isotope analysis during HCCT-2010

Biogenic nitrogen oxide emissions from soils – impact on NO<sub>x</sub> and ozone over West Africa during AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Experiment): modelling study

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Chemistry and aerosols in the marine boundary layer: 1-D modelling of the three ACE-2 Lagrangian experiments

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Sea‐salt aerosols over the north‐east Atlantic: Model simulations of the ACE‐2 Second Lagrangian experiment

Sea‐salt aerosols over the north‐east Atlantic: Model simulations of the ACE‐2 Second Lagrangian experiment

In-cloud sulfate addition to single particles resolved with sulfur isotope analysis during HCCT-2010

Biogenic nitrogen oxide emissions from soils – impact on NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; and ozone over West Africa during AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Experiment): modelling study

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Biogenic nitrogen oxide emissions from soils – impact on NO<sub>x</sub> and ozone over West Africa during AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Experiment): modelling study