ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Constituents of Plants from the Genus Rhododendron

Yin, Qiang; Zhou, Baoshi; Gao, Kun

doi:10.1002/chin.201134262

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…baeticum (Boissier & Reuter) Handel-Mazzetti), and some introgression has occurred between R. ponticum and congenerics in parts of Britain (Milne & Abbott 2000), but most likely not in Ireland Stout et al 2015). As in other Ericaceous genera, rhododendrons produce toxic diterpene secondary metabolites known as grayanotoxins [GTXsreviewed in Qiang, Zhou & Gao (2011)], which are characterized by a polyhydroxylated tetracyclic ring structure. GTXs have a neurotoxic mode of action blocking sodium channel receptors and preventing their inactivation (Takeda & Narahashi 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant toxin levels in nectar vary spatially across native and introduced populations

et al. 2016

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Summary Secondary compounds in nectar can function as toxic chemical defences against floral antagonists, but may also mediate plant–pollinator interactions. Despite their ecological importance, few studies have investigated patterns of spatial variation in toxic nectar compounds in plant species, and none outside their native range. Grayanotoxin I (GTX I) occurs in nectar of invasive Rhododendron ponticum where it is toxic to honeybees and some solitary bee species. We examined (i) geographic variation in the composition of nectar GTX I, as well as GTX III (which is not toxic to these species), in the native and introduced range of R. ponticum, (ii) how their expression is structured at patch and landscape scales within ranges, and (iii) whether climatic and environmental factors underpin spatial patterns. While both GTXs varied within ranges, variation in GTX I, but not GTX III, was detected between ranges. GTX I expression was thus markedly lower or (in 18% of cases) absent from nectar in introduced plants. Spatial autocorrelation was apparent at both patch and landscape scales and in part related to heat load interception by plants (a function of latitude, aspect and slope). As expression of nectar GTXs was generally robust to environmental variation, and aggregated in space, this trait has the potential to be spatially discriminated by consumers. Given the specificity of change to GTX I, and its differential toxicity to some bee species, we conclude that its expression was likely to have been influenced during invasion by interaction with herbivores/consumers, either via pollinator‐mediated selection or enemy release from floral antagonists. Synthesis. As the first demonstration of large‐scale geographic variation and spatial structure in toxic nectar compounds, this work deepens our understanding of the chemical ecology of floral interactions in native and introduced species. Spatially explicit studies of nectar secondary compounds are thus required to show how the extent and structure of spatial variation may affect floral ecology. Future development of invasion theory should incorporate a holistic view of plant defence, beyond antagonistic interactions, which integrates the consequences of chemically defended mutualist rewards.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant toxin levels in nectar vary spatially across native and introduced populations

et al. 2016

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“…Plants 2020, 9, 338 2 of 16 potential genetic resources for the development of new cultivars that can adapt to diverse environmental conditions [4]. In addition, plants in the genus Rhododendron L. produce numerous chemical constituents and are recognized as an important source of bioactive phytochemicals [5]. Some Rhododendron species are used as traditional medicine in China, India, Europe, and North America against various diseases, such as inflammation, pain, skin ailments, common cold, and gastrointestinal disorders [5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, plants in the genus Rhododendron L. produce numerous chemical constituents and are recognized as an important source of bioactive phytochemicals [5]. Some Rhododendron species are used as traditional medicine in China, India, Europe, and North America against various diseases, such as inflammation, pain, skin ailments, common cold, and gastrointestinal disorders [5]. However, as an important natural resource for human daily life and ecosystem composition, most Rhododendron species are facing risk of extinction due to the high frequency of anthropogenic disturbance [6].…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Rhododendron rex Subsp. rex Inferred from Microsatellite Markers and Chloroplast DNA Sequences

Zhang

Liu

Wang

et al. 2020

Plants

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Genetic diversity is vital to the sustainable utilization and conservation of plant species. Rhododendron rex subsp. rex Lévl. is an endangered species endemic to the southwest of China. Although the natural populations of this species are facing continuous decline due to the high frequency of anthropogenic disturbance, the genetic information of R. rex subsp. rex is not yet elucidated. In the present study, 10 pairs of microsatellite markers (nSSRs) and three pairs of chloroplast DNA (cpDNAs) were used in the elucidation of the genetic diversity, population structure, and demographic history of 11 R. rex subsp. rex populations. A total of 236 alleles and 12 haplotypes were found. A moderate genetic diversity within populations (H E = 0.540 for nSSRs, Hd = 0.788 for cpDNA markers), high historical and low contemporary gene flows, and moderate genetic differentiation (nSSR: F ST = 0.165***; cpDNA: F ST = 0.841***) were detected among the R. rex subsp. rex populations. Genetic and geographic distances showed significant correlation (p < 0.05) determined by the Mantel test. The species exhibited a conspicuous phylogeographical structure among the populations. Using the Bayesian skyline plot and species distribution models, we found that R. rex subsp. rex underwent a population demography contraction approximately 50,000-100,000 years ago. However, the species did not experience a recent population expansion event. Thus, habitat loss and destruction, which result in a population decline and species inbreeding depression, should be considered in the management and conservation of R. rex subsp. rex. Plants 2020, 9, 338 2 of 16 potential genetic resources for the development of new cultivars that can adapt to diverse environmental conditions [4]. In addition, plants in the genus Rhododendron L. produce numerous chemical constituents and are recognized as an important source of bioactive phytochemicals [5]. Some Rhododendron species are used as traditional medicine in China, India, Europe, and North America against various diseases, such as inflammation, pain, skin ailments, common cold, and gastrointestinal disorders [5]. However, as an important natural resource for human daily life and ecosystem composition, most Rhododendron species are facing risk of extinction due to the high frequency of anthropogenic disturbance [6]. Thus, research on the population genetic information of Rhododendron species is undoubtedly beneficial for germplasm protection and sustainable utilization [6][7][8][9].Inferring genetic information is recognized as the undisputed basis for the sustainable exploitation and conservation of plant diversity [10,11]. Different molecular markers are used in assessing genetic information and identifying distinct plant populations for management and conservation [12][13][14]. Microsatellite markers (SSRs) are used in revealing the genetic characteristics and related influence factors of plant species at individual and population levels due to their desirable advantages [13,15]. Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), whic...

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“…Naoyanghua is also used as an insecticidal plant and is widely distributed in Jiangsu, Fujian, Guangdong and Sichuan provinces in China (Cheng and Hu, 1998;Zhong and Hu, 2000). The results of phytochemical investigations of this plant showed that flavonoids and diterpenoids were the main bioactive constituents, with triterpenoids, lignans, phenolic glycosides, coumarins, quinones and steroids also present (Qiang et al, 2011). According to the literature, flavonoids are the major compounds found in flowers of R. molle, making up about 8.87% of the dry plants (Zhu and Hu, 2011), while diterpenoids were found in trace amounts only.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Tandem Solid-Phase Extraction Followed by HPLC-ESI/QTOF/MS/MS for Rapid Screening and Structural Identification of Trace Diterpenoids in Flowers of Rhododendron molle

Hongyan

Luo

et al. 2014

Phytochem. Anal.

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ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Constituents of Plants from the Genus Rhododendron

Abstract: Review: 87 refs.

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Plant toxin levels in nectar vary spatially across native and introduced populations

Plant toxin levels in nectar vary spatially across native and introduced populations

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Rhododendron rex Subsp. rex Inferred from Microsatellite Markers and Chloroplast DNA Sequences

Tandem Solid-Phase Extraction Followed by HPLC-ESI/QTOF/MS/MS for Rapid Screening and Structural Identification of Trace Diterpenoids in Flowers of Rhododendron molle

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