Data were collected in 2000 from 1081 students from eight colleges in China to assess the overall level of AIDS knowledge, and to explore regional, gender and grade differences in AIDS knowledge. The data indicate an inconsistent level of AIDS knowledge among students, with a significant gender and grade difference. More than one-third of the students perceived themselves as having limited knowledge of AIDS. While the students could identify transmission modes, they were less knowledgeable about symptoms, activities that did not transmit the virus, treatment and preventive measures. The majority of the students reported having discussed AIDS issues with their peers and friends, but few of them had done so with their parents or teachers. AIDS knowledge varied among students by site of residence, with the highest knowledge among students from the urban areas and the lowest among those from rural areas. The data underscore the urgent need for HIV/AIDS-related health promotion and prevention efforts targeting college students as well as younger age groups in China.
A series of poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) homopolymers and poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(acrylic acid) (PDMAEMA-b-PAA) diblock copolymers were synthesized by atomic transfer radical polymerization. Thanks to a fine-tuning of the hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance by varying the molecular weight of the polymers and the pH of the aqueous solutions, as well as the composition for the block copolymers, the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and the aggregation-dissolution kinetics of PDMAEMA homopolymers and PDMAEMA-b-PAA block copolymers can be adjusted. For the block copolymers, the results show that larger relative size of the PDMAEMA blocks leads to an increasing tendency to form micellar aggregates and a decrease of the LCST of the aqueous solution, which is consistent with the increasing copolymer hydrophobicity. A significant difference of the stimuli-responsive behavior between PDMAEMA-rich and PAA-rich copolymers is observed, because the former exhibit thermo-responsive behavior in a broad temperature range of 40-60 °C in basic media, while the pH-responsive behavior is dominant, and only a weak thermo-responsive behavior is exhibited around the specific isoelectric point (IEP) in the latter case. The aggregation rate is strongly influenced by temperature, molecular weight, structure, and composition of the polymer. Specifically, temperature has a stronger effect than the molar ratio of the PDMAEMA segment in the copolymer (related to its hydrophobicity) and the chain molecular weight, although the PDMAEMA-b-PAA copolymers show faster aggregation rate than do the PDMAEMA homopolymers.
Polypyrrole/Graphene/Polyaniline (PPy/GNs/PANi) ternary nanocomposite with high thermoelectric power factor has been successfully prepared through the combination of in situ polymerization and solution process. FTIR, Raman spectra, XRD, and SEM analyses show the strong π-π interactions existed among PPy, GNs, and PANi, leading to the formation of more ordered regions in the composite. Both the in situ polymerization and solution process can enhance the dispersion homogeneity of graphene in the polymer matrix, bringing about increased nanointerfaces in the PPy/GNs/PANi composite. The thermoelectric properties of Polypyrrole/Graphene (PPy/GNs), Polyaniline/Graphene (PANi/GNs), and PPy/GNs/PANi composites are measured at different temperatures after being cold pressed. Consequently, the PPy/GNs/PANi composite with 32 wt % graphene demonstrates optimal electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and extremely high power factor of up to 52.5 μ W m K, which is almost 1.6 × 10 times, 1.4 × 10 times, 2.7 times, and 3.6 times higher than those of the pure PANi, pure PPy, PPy/GNs composite, and PANi/GNs composite, respectively.
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