ChemInform Abstract: A Sodium/Iron(II) Chloride Cell with a Beta Alumina Electrolyte.

Bones, R. J.; Coetzer, J.; Galloway, R. C.; Teagle, D. A. H.

doi:10.1002/chin.198805013

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…77. This result agrees with a previous qualitative analysis [3]. Chlorination Conversion [-] .- The solubility product of NaCl in the melt is described by…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…To p account for the disappearance of the NaCl precipitate, the calculation 0. 6 ..---..,....--,----.----r--r----r--..,.....--,----.---- Effect of current density during charge.--According to previous papers [1][2][3][4][5], the charging current density should be relatively small. Increasing the discharge capacity requires a high degree of chlorination and as full a discharge as possible.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The positive electrode is fabricated from sintered iron which is partly chlorinated chemically or electrochemically. The conversion of iron to iron chloride is less than-·30 percent so tha~ the matrix remains electrically conductive [3].…”

Section: Model Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Na//3" -Al 2 0 3 /NaAlC1 4 /Metal chloride batteries are being developed for load-leveling and electric vehicle applications [1][2][3][4][5]. This battery 2 is similar to the sodium/sulfur cell, with the sulfur electrode being replaced by a metal/metal chloride electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mathematical Modeling of the Sodium/Iron Chloride Battery

Sudoh

Newman

1990

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A mathematical model of the sodium/iron chloride battery containing a molten A1C13-NaCI electrolyte is presented. A cylindrical cell consisting of a positive iron electrode, an electrolyte reservoir, a separator, and a negative sodium electrode is considered. The analysis uses concentrated-solution theory within the framework of a macroscopic porous electrode model. The effects of the state of discharge, the cell temperature, the precipitation and dissolution rates of NaC1, and the current density on the current-potential relation during the discharge and charge cycles are discussed. The major influences on battery performance are changes in porosity and component volume fractions during cycling.

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“…77. This result agrees with a previous qualitative analysis [3]. Chlorination Conversion [-] .- The solubility product of NaCl in the melt is described by…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mathematical Modeling of the Sodium/Iron Chloride Battery

Sudoh

Newman

1990

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…4 This secondary cell operates at ~250ºC and uses a molten chloroaluminate inorganic salt, NaCl: aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 ), as the electrolyte. At this operating temperature, the Zebra cell contains molten sodium (melting point 98ºC) as the anode and a solid-state separator between liquid Na and the electrolyte.…”

Section: I-1 Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

DOE STI Product/Final Report Number 3 Electrochemical Investigation of Novel Electrolytes for Ambient Temperature Sodium Batteries

Kim¹,

Lang²,

Doyle³

et al. 2005

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Effect of chemical additives on the performance of Na/NiCl2 cells

Prakash

Redey

Vissers

2000

Ionics

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Abstract. The effect of chemical additives on the performance of sodium/nickel chloride cells was investigated in quasi-sealed laboratory research cells. The performance of these ceils was measured by galvanostatic and galvanodynamic methods. It was observed that the use of sodium bromide, sulfur, sodium iodide, and a combination of these additives enhance the performance of the Na/NiC12 cells by reducing the area-specific impedance of the nickel chloride electrode. Improved morphology by the use of the poreformer further improves the nickel utilization and the electrode impedance. The performance enhancement is attributed to the chemical and morphological modifications of the nickel chloride electrode in the Na/NiC12 cells. 1, IntroductionThe high theoretical specific energy (790 Wh/kg), high cell voltage (2.59 V), wide temperature range, cell failure mode, and good cycling characteristics of sodium/-nickel chloride (Na/NiC12) battery system have made it a viable candidate for electric vehicle propulsion [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].The Na/NiCL cell is similar to the Na/S cell in that it uses much of the same technology. For instance, the Na/NiC12 cell, like the Na/S cell, uses a liquid sodium negative electrode and the ]3"-alumina solid electrolyte.However, unlike the sodium/sulfur cell, it uses a secondary electrolyte of molten sodium tetrachloroaluminate (NaA1Cla) in the positive electrode and an insoluble nickel chloride as the active material. The NaAICI4 electrolyte conducts sodium ions from the I]"-A1203 electrolyte to the nickel chloride electrode reaction site. Sodium and Na[A1C14] are molten at the operational temperature (170 to 400 ~ of the cell. Na[A1C14] is added to the porous Ni/NiCI 2 electrode to transport Na + ions from the surface of the [3"-alumina electrolyte to the reaction sites at the interior of the positive electrode. The overall cell reaction is 2Na + NiC12 ~ 2NaC1 + Ni The positive electrode is fabricated from a mixture of NaC1 and nickel powder in the discharged state. During the initial charge, nickel reacts with the chloride ions to form a porous nickel chloride electrode while the sodium ions being reduced at the negative electrode and forming sodium electrode. The electrochemical behavior of NiC12 as the positive electrode in the Na/NiCI 2 cells has been extensively studied [7][8][9][10][11][12]. Most of the previous studies [2,[8][9][10][11] acknowledge that the cell performance is limited due to the NiC12 electrode. A detailed study calried out [10,11] on nonporous nickel electrodes [10] suggested that a low-conductivity nickel chloride (NiC12) layer formed on the electrode during charge. The increasingly higher resistance of the charge product inhibits further thickening of the layer and thereby limits the charge uptake and, consequently, the available capacity in the subsequent discharge. Modifying the electrolyte with the NaBr, NaI and sulfur additives was found to produce higher nickel utilization and lower impedance values due to doping effects which is believed...

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ChemInform Abstract: A Sodium/Iron(II) Chloride Cell with a Beta Alumina Electrolyte.

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Mathematical Modeling of the Sodium/Iron Chloride Battery

Mathematical Modeling of the Sodium/Iron Chloride Battery

DOE STI Product/Final Report Number 3 Electrochemical Investigation of Novel Electrolytes for Ambient Temperature Sodium Batteries

Effect of chemical additives on the performance of Na/NiCl2 cells

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