Chemiluminescence nitrogen detection for packed-column supercritical fluid chromatography with methanol modified carbon dioxide

Shi, Heng; Taylor, Larry T.; Fujinari, Eugene M.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(96)00656-5

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It should be noted that this review does not cover chemiluminescence detection for immunoassay and related approaches,28–34 or gas‐phase chemiluminescence detection35, 36 (e.g. chemiluminescence nitrogen detection (CLND)) for supercritical fluid chromatography37 or HPLC,38–40 which has been utilized to determine a wide range of street drugs39 and pharmaceuticals40 in complex sample matrices without primary reference standards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemiluminescence and electrochemiluminescence detection of controlled drugs

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Barnett

et al. 2010

Drug Testing and Analysis

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We review the determination of various controlled drugs (opioids, tranquilizers, stimulants, and hallucinogens) using flow-analysis methodologies (flow injection analysis, high performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and microfluidic devices) with chemiluminescence and electrochemiluminescence reagents such as luminol, diaryloxalates, tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II), permanganate, manganese(IV), and sulfite, for industrial, clinical, pharmaceutical, and forensic science applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemiluminescence and electrochemiluminescence detection of controlled drugs

Adcock

Barrow

Barnett

et al. 2010

Drug Testing and Analysis

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“…However, CLND has greater instrumental complexity than ELSD and so has potential for higher maintenance overheads. Diminished CLND response can occur for compounds where adjacent nitrogen atoms may give diatomic nitrogen during combustion . CLND is incompatible with nitrogenous chromatographic solvents and additives, and baseline chromatographic separation is necessary for accurate quantification.…”

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confidence: 99%

Toward Single-Calibrant Quantification in HPLC. A Comparison of Three Detection Strategies: Evaporative Light Scattering, Chemiluminescent Nitrogen, and Proton NMR

et al. 2005

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There is an urgent need for detection technologies that enable accurate and precise quantification of solutions containing small organic molecules in a manner that is rapid, cheap, non-labor-intensive, readily automated, and without a requirement for specific analyte standards. We provide a theoretical analysis that predicts that the logarithmic nature of the working domain of the evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD) will normally bias toward underestimation of chromatographically resolved impurities, resulting in an overestimation of analyte purity. This analysis is confirmed by experiments with flow injection analysis (FIA) and gradient reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Quantification is further compromised by the dependence of response parameters on the matrix composition and hence on the retention time of the analyte. Attempts were made to ameliorate these problems by using the response surface of a single compound to calibrate throughout the HPLC gradient. A chemiluminescent nitrogen detector (CLND) was also used in a similar manner, and the performance of the two techniques were compared against those of each other and that of a reference standard technique. A protocol for this purpose was developed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and the ERETIC method to enable quantification by integrating proton signals. The double-blind comparison exercise confirmed molar nitrogen CLND response to be sufficiently stable and robust across a methanol gradient to be used with a single external nitrogenous calibrant to quantify nitrogen-containing compounds of known molecular formula. The performance of HPLC-CLND was very similar to that of NMR, while that of HPLC-ELSD was seen to be significantly worse, showing it to be unsuitable for the purpose of single-calibrant quantification. We report details and experience of our use of RP-HPLC-CLND-MS to characterize and quantify small amounts of solutions of novel compounds at nominal levels of 10mM in microtiter plate (MTP) format.

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“…Shi et al coupled a chemiluminescent nitrogen detector with otSFC detecting as little as 60 pg of N (98, 99). Shi et al later successfully coupled this detector with pcSFC using methanolmodified CO 2 mobile phase with both pressure and modifier gradients (100). Fujinari showed how this instrumentation is useful for analyzing spices (101).…”

Section: Supercritical Fluid Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%