Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and Extraction

Chester, T. L.; Pinkston, J. David; Raynie, Douglas E.

doi:10.1021/a1980017d

Cited by 108 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 415 publications

(399 reference statements)

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“…Planeta and Roth [30] used open tubular columns with a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) stationary phase, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF 6 ]), for preliminary measurements of naphthalene partition coefficients in the two-phase system formed by scCO 2 Nevertheless, SFC appears to be a feasible tool for rapid acquisition of solute partition coefficients in biphasic, "green", emission-free solvent systems comprising scCO 2 and RTILs [31].…”

Section: Partition Coefficientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although much of the relevant work has been covered elsewhere, e.g., in the respective sections of comprehensive reviews of analytical SFC [1][2][3] or unified chromatography [4][5][6], the field probably deserves stand-alone, periodical accounts [7] including also some specific experimental features and auxiliary thermophysical properties needed to process the chromatographic retention data. The present survey is a sequel to a short account [8] that appeared in 1991, and it largely retains the overall structure of its predecessor, comprising three major sections on thermodynamic measurements, instrumental considerations, and sources of auxiliary thermophysical data and theoretical models, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of thermodynamic properties by supercritical fluid chromatography

Roth

2004

Journal of Chromatography A

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Section: Partition Coefficientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of thermodynamic properties by supercritical fluid chromatography

Roth

2004

Journal of Chromatography A

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“…In the last ten years considerable research efforts have focused on evaluation of the effects obtained by varying various extraction parameters such as temperature [11,13,14], pressure [6,11,13,14], modifier addition [6,8,11], and other conditions that affect the SFE process [18 -21].The literature covering the most significant articles published in this field has been reviewed [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative extraction of sulfonamides in meats by supercritical methanol‐modified carbon dioxide: A foray into real‐world sampling

Arancibia

Valderrama

Rodriguez

et al. 2003

J of Separation Science

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Quantitative extraction of sulfonamides in meats by supercritical methanol-modified carbon dioxide: A foray into real-world samplingOptimizing operational parameters and obtaining the highest possible recovery are two of the major objectives to be attained when any extraction process is performed on a real sample in which the true analyte concentration is unknown. Sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamerazine (SMR), and sulfamethazine (SMZ) were extracted from real samples of chicken liver, beef liver, and pig kidney, using methanol-modified supercritical CO 2 . The optimum extraction parameters were found to be 17.237 MPa and 1608C for two of the three analytes; SMZ, on the other hand, was completely extracted at 1208C. Under these conditions of high temperature, high amounts of modifier (3.0 mL of methanol in a 10-mL extraction vessel) and low pressure, all three sulfonamides (SAs) were shown to be quantitatively extracted from spiked samples from domestic animals which had not been given sulfonamides. Under the same conditions, meat samples of commercial origin were analyzed. These results were compared with those obtained by conventional extraction methods. Almost all the meat samples contained sulfa drug residue levels far exceeding the current tolerance levels allowed for most sulfonamides. Eighteen of thirty samples contained at least one of the three sulfonamides, and seven of these samples contained from 1.1 to 4.2 mg kg -1 of SMZ. The SAs were quantified by HPLC with UV absorbance and amperometric detection.

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“…Petroleum applications are a niche for SFC because it combines GC detectors to LC-like mobile phase: high molecular-weight compounds that could not elute from a GC column elute in SFC, while universal and sensitive GC detection, such as with the flameionization detector (FID), can still be used. As a consequence, typical SFC applications [1][2][3][4] are GC-like separations, e.g. simulated distillation (simdis), and LC-like separations, e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Group-type separation and simulated distillation: a niche for SFC

Thiébaut¹,

Robert²

1999

Analusis

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IntroductionApplication of supercritical-fluid chromatography (SFC) for the separation of petroleum compounds really started in the '80s. SFC combines many advantages of gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC): its efficiency is close to GC, it works with GC detectors and involves mobile phases whose solvating power can be tuned as in LC; thus, SFC fills the gap between GC and LC. Petroleum applications are a niche for SFC because it combines GC detectors to LC-like mobile phase: high molecular-weight compounds that could not elute from a GC column elute in SFC, while universal and sensitive GC detection, such as with the flameionization detector (FID), can still be used. As a consequence, typical SFC applications [1][2][3][4] are GC-like separations, e.g. simulated distillation (simdis), and LC-like separations, e.g. hydrocarbon group-separations. However, a GC-like separation does not mean that an open-tubular column must be used. In fact, both packed and capillary columns can be used in SFC, both having their advantages and drawbacks.Simdis is a routine GC application; however, SFC is very attractive for eluting hydrocarbons having more than 80 carbons, which are difficult to elute in GC or high-temperature GC (HTGC) without cracking, because their elution can be obtained on packed or open-tubular columns at much lower temperature compared to HTGC. As SFC can also elute hydrocarbons starting from C 20 to more than C 130 , it is more a competitor than an alternative to GC.The most studied type of LC applications in the petroleum industry is hydrocarbon group-type analysis. SFC's best features for this application are the detection capabilities of FID and the properties of carbon dioxide as a mobile phase. Moreover, FID provides easy quantitation of hydroRecent advances in supercritical-fluid chromatography (SFC) of petroleum fractions are reviewed. Simulated distillation (simdis) still requires some improvements of the hardware so that routine analysis of heavy fractions can be performed. Compared to gas-chromatography simdis, SFC simdis extends the range of this application up to C 140 hydrocarbons, while multi-detection would allow the differentiation of aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons. SFC has been registered by ASTM for hydrocarbon group-type analysis using carbon dioxide. It enables fast separation of aromatic and non-aromatic fractions, subfractionation of aromatics and easier quantitation than in liquid chromatography. Resins and asphaltenes of heavier samples can be backflushed from the column. The method could be further improved for better resolution and quantitation via multiple detection and more selective stationary and mobile phases (CO 2 -SF 6 mixtures for example).Keywords: SFC, simulated distillation, group-type separation, petroleum compounds Article available at http://analusis.edpsciences.org or http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/analusis:1999270681 carbon groups because of the similarity of response factors of most hydrocarbons. Replacing a LC by a SFC method is also worth con...

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Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and Extraction

Cited by 108 publications

References 415 publications

Determination of thermodynamic properties by supercritical fluid chromatography

Determination of thermodynamic properties by supercritical fluid chromatography

Quantitative extraction of sulfonamides in meats by supercritical methanol‐modified carbon dioxide: A foray into real‐world sampling

Group-type separation and simulated distillation: a niche for SFC

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