“…1–4 In general, common CL systems include liquid phase CL, gas phase CL, solid phase CL and heterogeneous CL. 5–8 Compared with other three CL systems, liquid phase CL systems are much more uniform with high signal stability, simple and convenient operation. Common liquid CL reagents include acridine hydride compounds, acridine ester compounds, peroxide oxalate compounds, bipyridine ruthenium compounds, potassium manganate and Ce( vi ).…”