Chemicals Compositions, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity ofCynara scolymusLeaves Extracts, and Analysis of Major Bioactive Polyphenols by HPLC

Abstract

Objective. Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) was one of the plant remedies for primary health care. The present study was focused on the determination of chemical composition, antioxidant activities, and anti-inflammatory activity and on analyzing its major bioactive polyphenols by HPLC. Methods. Artichoke Leaves Extracts (ALE) were analyzed for proximate analysis and phytochemical and antioxidant activity by several methods such as DDPH, ABTS, FRAP, and beta-carotene bleaching test. The carrageenan (Carr) model induced paw oedema in order to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity. Identification and quantification of bioactive polyphenols compounds were done by HPLC method. The oxidative stress parameters were determined; CAT, SOD, GSH, MDA, and AOPP activities and the histopathological examination were also performed. Results. It was noted that EtOH extract of ALE contained the highest phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents and the strongest antioxidants activities including DDPH (94.23%), ABTS (538.75 mmol), FRAP assay (542.62 umol), and β-carotene bleaching (70.74%) compared to the other extracts of ALE. Administration of EtOH extract at dose 400 mg/kg/bw exhibited a maximum inhibition of inflammation induced by Carr for 3 and 5 hours compared to reference group Indomethacin (Indo). Conclusion. ALE displayed high potential as natural source of minerals and phytochemicals compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

The antioxidant activity of artichoke (Cynara scolymus): A systematic review and meta‐analysis of animal studies

“…The in vitro assessment of antioxidant activity by various methods such as DDPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,20‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) diammonium salt), FRAP (ferric reducing ability of plasma), and beta‐carotene bleaching test indicated that aqueous and ethanolic extract of artichoke possess high radical scavenging capacity (Ben Salem & Affes, ; da Silva Oliveira et al, ; Kollia, Markaki, Zoumpoulakis, & Proestos, ; Kollia, Markaki, Zoumpoulakis, & Proestos, ). Moreover, artichoke is categorized as an antioxidant rich vegetable, based on the comprehensive Antioxidant Food Database (Carlsen et al, ).…”

“…It is hypothesized that the antioxidant activity of artichoke might be related to following compounds: (a) polyphenolics (caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids) and (b) Sesquiterpenes (Ben Salem & Affes, ; Brown & Rice‐Evans, ; Gebhardt, ; Miccadei et al, ; Miláčková et al, ; Perez‐Garcia et al, ; Rahimuddin et al, ; Takei et al, ). 1.…”

“…From a prevention standpoint, artichoke may improve the antioxidative defense system in healthy condition and may protect low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol from oxidation (Brown & Rice‐Evans, ; Goñi et al, ; Jiménez‐Escrig et al, ; Rezazadeh, Rahmati‐Yamchi, et al, ; Skarpanska‐Stejnborn et al, ). Moreover, in a treatment perspective, artichoke extracts could inhibit oxidative stress when animals are exposed to toxins and when human or animal cells are stimulated by agents that generate reactive oxygen species (Abdel‐Kader et al, ; Al‐Ahdab, ; Ben Salem & Affes, ; Brown & Rice‐Evans, ; Colak et al, ; El Morsy & Kamel, ; El‐Boshy et al, ; Gebhardt, ; Gebhardt & Fausel, ; Heidarian & Rafieian‐Kopaei, ; Jaleel et al, ; Juzyszyn et al, ; Kaymaz et al, ; Khattab et al, ; Löhr et al, ; Mehmetcik et al, ; Miccadei et al, ; Miláčková et al, ; Najim et al, ; Perez‐Garcia et al, ; Rahimuddin et al, ; Zapolska‐Downar et al, ). In addition, artichoke head extract exhibited apoptosis and chemopreventive properties in breast cancer cells and hepatoma cells by increased ROS production (Mileo et al, ; Mileo, Di Venere, Linsalata, Fraioli, & Miccadei, ).…”

Effect of some Media on Artichoke Sprouts Production and Nutritional Values

“…Moreover, sprouting on paper tissues resulted in significant increase in protein as compared to sprouting on soil mixture in both seasons and rice straw in the second season (Table 2). According the results of Foti et al (1999) and Ben Salem et al (2017), artichoke sprouts contained higher content of protein as compared with that determined in seeds and leaves, respectively. Similar results were recorded by Abdallah et al (2009) who reported that that on dry weight basis, the protein content of sun flower sprouts was higher than that of the seeds.…”

Brief Challenges on Medicinal Plants: An Eye‐Opening Look at Ageing‐Related Disorders

“…Artichoke ( Cynara scolymus L.) is a Mediterranean edible vegetable, which is known to be rich in natural antioxidants, among them hydroxycinnamic acids, vitamin C and flavones . The herbal formulation from this plant is commonly indicated as primary health care for different purposes . It was reported that artichoke exerted a considerable improvement in GPx activity in erythrocytes from a rat model .…”