Brief Challenges on Medicinal Plants: An Eye‐Opening Look at Ageing‐Related Disorders

Abstract

Several studies have reported that nature-derived antioxidants may prevent free radicals over-production and therefore control the onset and prevent the exacerbation of different kinds of diseases caused by oxidative stress and redox-derived stressors, including ageing, fundamentally by suppressing the oxidative by-products-mediated degradation. Naturally derived antioxidants exert their anti-ageing action via a panoply of signalling systems, many of which engaging reactive oxygen and nitrogen species scavenging, with the Nrf2/Keap1-ARE system and improving the many survival genes and functions (such as the pathway mTOR/Foxo/SIRT1) able to slow cellular senescence. Most of the research in this field has evaluated the regulative effects and even pathways of herbal extracts with antioxidant property in the ageing process, and various age-related disorders such as cardiovascular disease, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, coronary and myocardial circulatory perfusion, peripheral vascular resistance, and even neurodegenerative disorders are prevented plant phytochemicals often via their antioxidant potential. A much more complex ability to interact with survival functions makes these compounds successfully active in preventing ageing-related disorders. This report aimed to discuss in more detail some selected medicinal plants including Allium sativum, Aloe vera, Crataegus spp., Cynara scolymus, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Ginkgo biloba, Hippophae rhamnoides, Panax ginseng, Rosmarinus officinalis, Schizandra chinensis, Vitis vinifera and seaweeds in the prevention of ageing-related pathologies. A systematic overview of the relevant information in the antioxidant function of the many herbal products reviewed here for the control of the ageing process is proposed, to provide a new horizon on the design of anti-ageing herbal medicines.

Hesperidin attenuates altered redox homeostasis in an experimental hyperlipidaemic model of rat

“…Epidemiological and clinical investigations demonstrate that the danger of ceaseless or non‐transferable sicknesses is decreased by the routine consumption of organic products, vegetables, and grungy grains . Several polyphenols have been reported to provide protection against aging‐related disorders including CVD . Polyphenols may either disrupt the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, inhibit the formation of the atheromatous lesion or inhibit platelet aggregation which is the main cause for atrial blockages…”

“…7 Several polyphenols have been reported to provide protection against aging-related disorders including CVD. 8 Polyphenols may either disrupt the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, inhibit the formation of the atheromatous lesion or inhibit platelet aggregation which is the main cause for atrial blockages 9,10 Hesperidin (3, 5, 7-trihydroxyflavone 7-rhamnoglucoside), is a citrus bioflavonoid abundantly present in the skins of some citrus species. 11 It is known to show inexhaustible reducing power, metal chelating action, and hydrogen radical rummaging activities.…”

Phytochemical composition and bioactivities of hawthorn (Crataegus spp.): review of recent research advances

“…Crataegus spp. were also reviewed together with other botanicals (Chen et al, 2009;Schmitt and Dirsch, 2009;Rastogi et al, 2016;Dennehy, 2001;Bjorklund et al, 2018), Chinese Traditional Medicine plants (Xie et al, 2012;Liu and Huang, 2016;, various herbal products (Ahmad et al, 2013;Nunes et al, 2017), nutraceuticals (Houston, 2005) and natural antioxidants (Zhao, 2005).…”

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“…These substances cause significant damage in organic biomolecules (nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins), inducing alterations in DNA, which, in turn, affect homeostasis and can lead to several oxidative disorders related to stress, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. It is possible that the usage of phytotherapeutic products, such as Ginkgo biloba (GB), may delay this process [3,4].…”