Chemically tailored molecular surface modification of cellulose nanofibrils for manipulating the charge density of triboelectric nanogenerators

This study presents the isolation, characterization, and kinetic analyses of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from date palm waste in the United Arab Emirates. After bleaching date palm stem waste with acidified NaClO 2 and delignification via NaOH treatments, cellulose was extracted. Mineral acid hydrolysis (62 wt % H 2 SO 4 ) was performed at 45 °C for 45 min to produce crystalline nanocellulose. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and chemical composition analysis confirmed the removal of noncellulosic constituents. The crystallinity index increased gradually with chemical treatments, according to the obtained X-ray diffraction (XRD) results. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry results revealed that the CNC has high thermal stability. The Coats–Redfern method was used to determine the kinetic parameters. The kinetic analysis confirmed that CNC has more activation energy than cellulose and thus confirms its compact and resistive crystalline structure. This has been attributable to the stronger hydrogen bonding in CNC crystalline domains than that in cellulose crystalline domains. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that lignin and hemicellulose were eliminated after chemical pretreatments, and CNC with a rodlike shape was obtained after hydrolysis. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy confirmed the nanoscale of crystalline cellulose. ζ potential analysis indicated that the CNC afforded a stable suspension (−29.27 mV), which is less prone to flocculation. Kinetic analyses of cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals isolated from date palm waste are useful for making composites and designing selective pyrolysis reactors.

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“… 26 The surface chemistry of cellulose derivates can further be modified to use in many other applications. 27 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Date Palm Waste

et al. 2022

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“…[1,2] The development and utilization of sustainable energy resources (e. g., solar, wind, water, geothermal, biomass and ocean energy resources) have been attracting increasing attention gradually. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Among them, solar energy has received particular attention, as sunlight can be converted into chemical energy. [9,10] Furthermore, the efficient application of biomassderived feedstocks for the supply of energy and chemical feedstocks is essential for a biobased economy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic Biorefinery to Lactic Acid: A Carbon Nitride Framework with O Atoms Replacing the Graphitic N Linkers Shows Fast Migration/Separation of Charge

Yang

Yao

et al. 2022

ChemCatChem

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The rational regulation of the structure of photocatalysts with an enhanced visible-light absorption property and rapid charge dynamics is promising and challenging. Here, a facile method was developed for preparing oxygen-doped carbon nitride bundles with porous hollow trunk-shaped structures (Ox@CNB) using melamine with assistance of hydrochloric acid. Experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that Ox@CNB exhibited controllable bandgaps (2.20-2.60 eV) and a low photoluminescence intensity. Interestingly, Ox@CNB displayed excellent photocatalytic activity for the synthesis of lactic acid (81.4 %) and universality for the reforming of biomass-derived monosaccharides to lactic acid. The oxidation active species of h + , * OH, * O 2 À and 1 O 2 all promoted the lactic acid production, and h + played a major role. A possible reaction mechanism of lactic acid synthesis was proposed by combining the experimental with the DFT results. A one-thousand-fold up-scaled experiment demonstrated the significant application potential of the system for the industrial production of lactic acid.

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“…In addition, by enriching the fiber surface with hierarchical structures and amide bonds through chemical grafting of CNT and PET via a polyamidation reaction, a fabric-based TENG can easily achieve over 10 times improvement in output voltage and current at a low modifier content of less than 1 wt% (Figure 6d) [102]. A relatively systematic and improved mechanism is proposed to clarify the influence of chemically finishing on contact electrification [103]. The electron cloud of the atomic nucleus with electron-donating ability has a large density and occupies a large area, while that with electron-withdrawing ability occupies a small area.…”

Section: Surface Functionalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Textile Triboelectric Nanogenerators: Prospective Strategies for Improving Electricity Output Performance

Dong

Xiao

Cheng

et al. 2022

Nanoenergy Advances

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By seamlessly integrating the wearing comfortability of textiles with the biomechanical energy harvesting function of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), an emerging and advanced intelligent textile, i.e., smart textile TENG, is developed with remarkable abilities of autonomous power supply and self-powered sensing, which has great development prospects in the next-generation human-oriented wearable electronics. However, due to inadequate interface contact, insufficient electrification of materials, unavoidable air breakdown effect, output capacitance feature, and special textile structure, there are still several bottlenecks in the road towards the practical application of textile TENGs, including low output, high impedance, low integration, poor working durability, and so on. In this review, on the basis of mastering the existing theory of electricity generation mechanism of TENGs, some prospective strategies for improving the mechanical-to-electrical conversion performance of textile TENGs are systematically summarized and comprehensively discussed, including surface/interface physical treatments, atomic-scale chemical modification, structural optimization design, work environmental control, and integrated energy management. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach in output enhancement are further compared at the end of this review. It is hoped that this review can not only provide useful guidance for the research of textile TENGs to select optimization methods but also accelerate their large-scale practical process.

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Chemically tailored molecular surface modification of cellulose nanofibrils for manipulating the charge density of triboelectric nanogenerators

Cited by 135 publications

References 48 publications

Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Date Palm Waste

Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Date Palm Waste

Photocatalytic Biorefinery to Lactic Acid: A Carbon Nitride Framework with O Atoms Replacing the Graphitic N Linkers Shows Fast Migration/Separation of Charge

Smart Textile Triboelectric Nanogenerators: Prospective Strategies for Improving Electricity Output Performance

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