Chemically modified soybean oils as plasticizers for silica-filled e-SBR/Br compounds for tire tread applications

Lovison, Viviane; Freitas, Maurício Azevedo de; Forte, Maria Madalena de Camargo

doi:10.1177/0095244320988159

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…For this purpose, the rising trend of utilizing vegetable oils as a green extender or plasticizer has become the most interesting approach in the rubber industry. Table enlists the examples of different filled rubber composites based on vegetable oils. ,,− …”

Section: Vegetable-oil-based Rubber Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Different Vegetable Oils as Processing Aids in Industrial Rubber Composites: A Sustainable Approach

et al. 2021

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Rubber composites based on renewable vegetable oils are being increasingly developed, as these materials significantly reduce the use of petroleum-based carcinogenic oils as plasticizers in rubber products. Apart from renewability, vegetable oils have some major advantages, such as easy availability, biodegradability, and environmentally friendly nature. Until now, vegetable oils, such as palm oil, soybean oil, and linseed oil, have been successfully used as processing oils to replace petroleumbased oils in engineered rubber composites. So far, the concept of a vegetable-oil-based plasticizer has been applied to rubber composites containing different industrially important fillers, like carbon black, silica, calcium carbonate, and expandable graphite. In the near future, the trend of utilizing vegetable-oil-based plasticizers may bring considerable advancements in the performance of filled rubber composites in an environmentally acceptable and sustainable manner.

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Section: Vegetable-oil-based Rubber Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Different Vegetable Oils as Processing Aids in Industrial Rubber Composites: A Sustainable Approach

et al. 2021

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“…On the other hand, the improvement of wet grip and rolling resistance in a tire tread are adjustable by optimizing the SBR/BR blend ratio. The SBR component of the tire contributes to its excellent grip, particularly on wet surfaces, while the BR portion donates resistance against the motion of a tire on the road surface 30,31 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SBR component of the tire contributes to its excellent grip, particularly on wet surfaces, while the BR portion donates resistance against the motion of a tire on the road surface. 30,31 In general, engineers have never used SBR/BR blends in a pure state. They have been made into composites to increase tire production efficiency.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the mechanical properties and curing characteristics of styrene‐butadiene rubber/butadiene rubber composites by incorporating silicon carbide

Zabihi,

Fasihi,

Rasouli

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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Thermal conductive filler, silicon carbide (SiC), has been investigated for its effects on the mechanical properties, microstructural properties, physical properties, and kinetic characteristics of styrene‐butadiene‐rubber/butadiene rubber (SBR/BR). SBR/BR‐SiC's tensile strength, strain at break, and toughness were improved by 5 phr SiC content within the composite. Specifically, there was a 44% increase in tensile strength, a 51% increase in strain at break, and impressive 113% increase in toughness. Additionally, there was a notable reduction of approximately ~15% in the compression set. The calculated crosslink density using the Flory–Rehner equation proved that the SiC filler increased the covalent bonds between the polymer chains during the curing reaction. The rheometry results showed a reduction in the scorch and optimum curing times by ~10% via the incorporation of SiC. The addition of 5 phr SiC decreased the curing duration time by 47%. The scanning electron microscopy images taken from the samples at different magnifications showed that the particle agglomeration after SiC = 5 phr was the main factor in reducing the SiC performance in the composite.Highlights Tensile properties of SBR/BR were improved with high thermal conductive SiC. SiC accelerated the rate of vulcanization reaction of SBR/BR. The crosslink density was maximized with the addition of SiC to the compound. Better heat transfer by SiC led to a reduction in the energy consumption of curing. Thermal diffusivity was raised with the addition of SiC to the compound.

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“…In fact, the main reason for using the SBR/BR blend in the tire tread is to improve wet grip due to the presence of SBR and rolling resistance due to the presence of BR. Because the SBR has an ability to retain the composite grip on wet surfaces, while the BR part can resist against motion when a tire is on a surface 27 , 28 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic effect of high thermal conductive SiC on the kinetics and thermodynamics of vulcanization reaction of SBR/BR-filled nano-SiC

Rasouli,

Zabihi,

Fasihi

2023

Sci Rep

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Nano-silicon carbide (SiC) as a high thermal conductive material with an intrinsic thermal conductivity of ~ 490 W/m K was used to improve the cure characteristics, kinetics, and thermodynamics of curing reaction of styrene-butadiene rubber/butadiene rubber (SBR/BR) compounds. The considerations were carried out by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results revealed that the presence of SiC shifted the peak and end temperatures of the curing peak to lower temperatures. The calculated activation energy of the curing reaction based on the Kissinger approach showed a descent from 409.8 to 93.8 kJ/mol by adding SiC from 0 to 7.5 phr (part per hundred rubber). Moreover, the obtained Gibbs free energy variation and equilibrium constant of the curing reaction proved that the reaction was absolutely forced and irreversible, which can be increasingly characterized as a one-way process. According to the results, SiC accelerated the curing reaction because of the increment of heat transfer into the compound. This phenomenon caused the increment of enthalpy variation of the vulcanization reaction, particularly at the SiC content of 5 phr. The achieved kinetic parameters via fitting an autocatalytic model based on the Sestàk–Berggren model by the Màlek method to describe the kinetics of the curing reaction indicated that the SiC filler had a catalytic effect on the curing reaction of SBR/BR-SiC, particularly after 2.5 phr of the filler.

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Chemically modified soybean oils as plasticizers for silica-filled e-SBR/Br compounds for tire tread applications

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Application of Different Vegetable Oils as Processing Aids in Industrial Rubber Composites: A Sustainable Approach

Application of Different Vegetable Oils as Processing Aids in Industrial Rubber Composites: A Sustainable Approach

Improving the mechanical properties and curing characteristics of styrene‐butadiene rubber/butadiene rubber composites by incorporating silicon carbide

Catalytic effect of high thermal conductive SiC on the kinetics and thermodynamics of vulcanization reaction of SBR/BR-filled nano-SiC

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