Chemical Vapor Deposition of Mesoporous Graphene Nanoballs for Supercapacitor

Lee, Jung-Soo; Kim, Sun‐I; Yoon, Jong–Hyun; Jang, Ji‐Hyun

doi:10.1021/nn401850z

Cited by 302 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…[ 31,32 ] The hysteresis loop arises due to capillary condensation through different mechanism of adsorption and desorption in micropores. The specifi c surface area measured using standard BrunauerEmmett-Teller (BET) method is very high, 2604 m 2 g -1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Stable Laser‐Scribed Flexible Planar Microsupercapacitor Using Mushroom Derived Carbon Electrodes

Yadav

Basu

Suryawanshi

et al. 2016

Adv Materials Inter

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not well-suited with the planar geometry of most electronic devices. Hence, planar interdigitated microscale charge storage devices are gaining importance over conventional fl ip-chip devices. [1][2][3] Fabrication of such microscale electronic devices is a major challenge because the methods used have to be facile, effi cient, and compatible with those used in the other fl exible device fabrication protocols. Various techniques such as lithography, physical vapor deposition using shadow mask, sputtering, laser writing, etc., have been used to fabricate planar interdigitated microsupercapacitors till date. [4][5][6] Except the laser-based methods most other methods are somewhat complicated or time consuming. Of course, they do have specifi c advantages of concurrent wafer scale processing and scalability that cannot be underplayed. Laser-based device fabrication methods are however mostly single step, simple, and fast. Most of these have used laser power for the synthesis or direct writing of conducting carbon. [7][8][9] In this paper, we report an even simpler and faster method of device fabrication using fast CO 2 laser scribing of a layer of mushroom-synthesized conducting carbon to fabricate a planar microsupercapacitor on a fl exible substrate. This approach can be easily extended to other presynthesized forms of carbon for electrochemical doublelayer capacitors (EDLCs) or metal oxides/sulfi des for pseudocapacitors. We also point out that the mushroom-synthesized carbon in our case is formed by using a specifi c hydrothermal preprocessing protocol not used before and naturally renders few layer graphene-graphitic composite that offers the concurrent advantage of fl exibility and high conductivity. Mushroom has been used earlier as a precursor for carbon synthesis [ 10,11 ] but in these works precarbonization at low temperature of 500 °C was employed instead of hydrothermal preprocessing (used in the present work) before activation.Flexible planar microsupercapacitors have some serious issues like low energy density and low stability that limit its practical application. To improve the device performance, the quality of the electrode plays a signifi cant role. It has been reported that mesoporous carbon-based electrodes in EDLCs show great promise for microsupercapacitors both in terms of stability and energy density. [ 12 ] This type of material also offers A report is presented on the fabrication of all solid-state interdigitated fl exible microsupercapacitor using ultrafast and highly scalable laser scribing technique, using highly mesoporous carbon synthesized from biomass (mushroom) with hydrothermal preprocessing. The specifi c protocol used for carbon synthesis renders some unique property features to the material (surface area of 2604 m² g −1 with hierarchical pore size distribution) in the context of supercapacitor electrode application. A polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-H 2 SO 4 gel electrolyte is used for electrochemical measurements. The microsupercapacitor shows high cyclic stability up to 15000 cycles....

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Stable Laser‐Scribed Flexible Planar Microsupercapacitor Using Mushroom Derived Carbon Electrodes

Yadav

Basu

Suryawanshi

et al. 2016

Adv Materials Inter

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“…In a typical EDLC, the capacitance is directly related to the surface area of the conductive electrodes in contact with the electrolyte. As a result, the high surface area and mesopore channels of mesoporous carbons may enhance the energy density of EDLCs [155][156][157][158] . In principle, increasing the surface area and electrical conductivity of mesoporous carbon would be a perfect way to boost the EDLC performance; however, in practice, this is difficult to achieve 159 .…”

Section: Supercapacitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoporous materials for energy conversion and storage devices

2016

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At present, more than 80% of the energy consumed globally is derived from non-renewable fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas. The combustion of these fuels inevitably leads to the emission of CO 2 -a main driver of climate change and other serious environmental effects, including the emission of other dangerous gases. Although mitigating climate change is a multifaceted challenge, one of the pillars of any future low-carbon economy will be a substantially increased dependence on renewable and environmentally friendly energy sources and storage systems. Tremendous progress is being made in developing advanced technologies to meet these challenges. However, to enable the cost-effective, large-scale production of these technologies, further improvement of performance and efficiency is needed. Although unique challenges exist for each technology, the development of functional materials is crucial.Porous solids -in particular, mesoporous solids -are appealing materials in many energy applications owing to their ability to absorb and interact with guest species (including, but not limited to, lithium ions, hydrogen atoms and sulfur molecules) on their outer and inner surfaces, and in the pore spaces 1,2 . According to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) definition, porous materials are classified into three categories according to their pore sizes: micro porous (<2 nm), mesoporous (2-50 nm) or macro porous (>50 nm). Since the first report of mesoporous silica in the 1990s 3,4 , the variety of mesoporous materials available has rapidly expanded, encompassing a very broad range of compositions.Mesoporous materials have exceptional properties, including ultrahigh surface areas, large pore volumes, tunable pore sizes and shapes, and also exhibit nanoscale effects in their mesochannels and on their pore walls. These features are particularly advantageous for applications in energy conversion and storage [5][6][7][8][9][10] . In principle, high surface areas should provide a large number of reaction or interaction sites for surface or interface-related processes such as adsorption, separation, catalysis and energy storage; however, a high surface area does not necessarily translate to an improved performance in applications. Large pore volumes have shown promise in the loading of guest species and in the accommodation of the expansion and strain relaxation during repeated electrochemical energy storage processes. Uniform and tunable mesopore channels facilitate the transport of atoms, ions and large molecules through the bulk of the material, thereby increasing the number of active sites with high accessibility and overcoming the size restriction encountered with microporous materials. In addition, there are fascinating nanoconfinement effects in the voids of uniform mesochannels, which are advantageous in catalysis and energy storage. 3D nanometre-sized frameworks can produce extraordinary nanoscale effects (that is, surface and quantum effects) that result in mesoporous materials with u...

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“…As shown in N 2 -sorption isotherms in Fig. 2, all the samples exhibited type IV isotherm curves which signifies the presence of mesopores in them [29]. This highlights their suitability for the electrocatalytic applications, as mesoporous size distributions (2-50 nm) are highly desirable for the faster diffusion of larger molecules into the internal porous surface of carbons.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Facile synthesis of mesoporous carbon material from treated kitchen waste for energy applications

Kaur

Singh

Verma

2018

Mater Renew Sustain Energy

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Biomass is abundant, easily available, and environmentally benign source of C which can be converted to scientifically useful materials by appropriate processing. This work is our attempt to convert the treated kitchen waste and chicken manure into valuable mesoporous carbons, and to check its suitability for energy applications. The samples have been prepared using hightemperature carbonization method, and the results are investigated for physical, chemical, and preliminary electrochemical studies. The synthesized porous carbons have mesoporous size distributions (10.29 nm) along with high-doped N content (9.2 at. %). An increase in the disordered porous structure and, hence, the number of active sites have been observed under field-emission scanning electron microscopy. In the electrochemical studies, a positive shift of − 0.104 V has been observed in the oxygen reduction onset potential of the kitchen waste and chicken manure-based mesoporous carbons as compared to the control sample. Interestingly, the electrocatalytic performance is even comparable to the commercial Pt/C-based electrocatalyst. These studies indicate the suitability of the designed electrocatalyst for clean energy devices. Our approach is also an effective way to dispose-off the kitchen waste by modifying it using poultry faeces, which is a remedy to manage large-scale organic waste.

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Chemical Vapor Deposition of Mesoporous Graphene Nanoballs for Supercapacitor

Cited by 302 publications

References 51 publications

Highly Stable Laser‐Scribed Flexible Planar Microsupercapacitor Using Mushroom Derived Carbon Electrodes

Highly Stable Laser‐Scribed Flexible Planar Microsupercapacitor Using Mushroom Derived Carbon Electrodes

Mesoporous materials for energy conversion and storage devices

Facile synthesis of mesoporous carbon material from treated kitchen waste for energy applications

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