Chemical Vapor Deposition of Ionic Liquids for the Fabrication of Ionogel Films and Patterns

Abstract

Film deposition and high‐resolution patterning of ionic liquids (ILs) remain a challenge, despite a broad range of applications that would benefit from this type of processing. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of ILs. The IL‐CVD method is based on the formation of a non‐volatile IL through the reaction of two vaporized precursors. Ionogel micropatterns can be easily obtained via the combination of IL‐CVD and standard photolithography, and the resulting microdrop arrays can be used as microreactors. The IL‐CVD approach will facilitate leveraging the properties of ILs in a range of applications and microfabricated devices.

Two-dimensional materials: synthesis and applications in the electro-reduction of carbon dioxide

“…(C) 2D materials synthesized by Au-assisted mechanical exfoliation [66] . (D) Schematic diagram of CTAB-assisted material swelling [69] . 2D: 2-dimensional; CTAB: hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide.…”

“…For example, surfactants are often used for the production of 2D nanosheets. Dakhchoune et al reported that intercalation of surfactant hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) into sodalite precursors leads to material swelling [69] . Consequently, the lattice spacing increases from 1.4 nm to 3.1 nm [Figure 2D], indicating that interlayer interactions are weakened by the intercalation of CTAB.…”

Confined Silver Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquid Films

“…The synthesis of MNPs in ILs is usually carried out with ILs in the bulk state, regardless of the deposition method used for the NPs. Recently, it was shown that ILs can find many applications, not only in the bulk state but also in the form of films deposited on certain substrates, such as transparent conductive oxides, metal surfaces, and carbon nanostructures, among others [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ]. Ionic liquid films have a wide range of important applications in various fields, and their unique properties make them attractive for use in many different technologies, including as lubricants, electrolytes in batteries and supercapacitors, as effective catalysts in a range of chemical reactions, and as sensors and biosensors [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 46 , 49 , 54 ].…”

Vapor-Phase Loading of an Ionic Liquid into a Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework

“…However, the direct loading of ILs into a MOF from the vapor phase is impractical because of their low vapor pressure (<10 –3 mbar at moderate temperatures), and the requirement of an ultrahigh vacuum (<10 –8 mbar). , Nevertheless, several common ILs can be easily synthesized from volatile precursors. For example, imidazolium ILs are formed by the quaternization of an imidazole with an alkyl halide even under solvent-free conditions and at moderate temperatures. , Recently, we exploited this reaction to develop the chemical vapor deposition of ILs on surfaces, resulting in ionogel thin films and patterns . In that study, two volatile precursors were sequentially evaporated and diffused into a polymer film, where they reacted to form the IL.…”

“…30,31 Recently, we exploited this reaction to develop the chemical vapor deposition of ILs on surfaces, resulting in ionogel thin films and patterns. 32 In that study, two volatile precursors were sequentially evaporated and diffused into a polymer film, where they reacted to form the IL. The polymer acted as a reservoir for the precursors and allowed area-selective ionogel formation.…”