Chemical Storage of Renewable Electrical Energy via Hydrogenation of Process Gases of the Steel Industry

Schöß, Maximilian A.; Redenius, Alexander; Turek, Thomas; Güttel, Robert

doi:10.1002/cite.201300086

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Heat from methanation can be utilised to improve the efficiency of the implemented CO 2 source system [68,133,143,147]. The methanation waste heat can also be used to produce steam for further use in a steam power cycle [148].…”

Section: Efficiency and System Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review

et al. 2016

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a b s t r a c tThe Power-to-Gas (PtG) process chain could play a significant role in the future energy system. Renewable electric energy can be transformed into storable methane via electrolysis and subsequent methanation.This article compares the available electrolysis and methanation technologies with respect to the stringent requirements of the PtG chain such as low CAPEX, high efficiency, and high flexibility.Three water electrolysis technologies are considered: alkaline electrolysis, PEM electrolysis, and solid oxide electrolysis. Alkaline electrolysis is currently the cheapest technology; however, in the future PEM electrolysis could be better suited for the PtG process chain. Solid oxide electrolysis could also be an option in future, especially if heat sources are available.Several different reactor concepts can be used for the methanation reaction. For catalytic methanation, typically fixed-bed reactors are used; however, novel reactor concepts such as three-phase methanation and micro reactors are currently under development. Another approach is the biochemical conversion. The bioprocess takes place in aqueous solutions and close to ambient temperatures.Finally, the whole process chain is discussed. Critical aspects of the PtG process are the availability of CO 2 sources, the dynamic behaviour of the individual process steps, and especially the economics as well as the efficiency.

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Section: Efficiency and System Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review

et al. 2016

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“…For comparability reasons, the dilution was also assumed for simulation scenarios with gas recycle, even though hot spots are less pronounced in those cases. From practical point of view, inert gases, such as nitrogen, are present in several industrial process gases (e.g., iron and steel industry) attractive to be used as carbon sources for the methanation . While CO 2 can be separated from those gases and thus purified in economic feasible ways, e.g., via amine scrubbing, CO and CH 4 are often also present in relevant amounts (e.g., biogas from biomass fermentation) along with N 2 , though more challenging to be purified.…”

Section: Modeling and Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, the dilution of the reaction mixture with product compounds using the recycle allows keeping the measures provided by nitrogen dilution to limit the occurrence of extreme states in the reactor during the transient phase. However, inert compounds, even in small amount, have to be avoided using the loop reactor configuration, which limits the suitability of process gases (e.g., from steel industry) as carbon sources, which often contain significant amounts of nitrogen …”

Section: Influence Of Recirculation On the Transient Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Flow Rate Ramps for Methanation of Carbon Dioxide in an Adiabatic Fixed‐Bed Recycle Reactor

2019

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The power‐to‐gas (PtG) process, enabling the long‐term indirect storage of electrical energy, includes the water electrolysis for hydrogen production and the subsequent hydrogenation of carbon dioxide in a methanation reactor. The dynamic operation of methanation reactors is favored to limit upstream storage capacities, but not fully understood thus far. Therefore, this contribution investigates the dynamic operation of a fixed‐bed recycle reactor during flow rate ramps with a variation of the ramp time. Load ramps of the volumetric flow rate lead to global maxima during the transition; for the methane content if the flow rate is decreased, and for the gas temperature if the flow rate is increased. Furthermore, the adaptation of the product recirculation during flow rate ramps is discussed at the end. The recycle ratio turns out to provide an additional degree of freedom for stabilizing the reactor behavior under fluctuating feed conditions.

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“…Die keramischen Waben wurden ausführlich getestet und erreichen nach kurzer Entwicklungszeit nahezu die Leistung herkömmlicher Katalysatoren [8]. Eine signifikante Erhöhung der Energieeffizienz des Stahlwerksprozesses kann durch eine Kopplung der klassischen Stahlproduktion mit der Power-to-Gas-Technologie erreicht werden [12]. Das Potential der Effizienzsteigerung ist Gegenstand eines aktuell laufenden Forschungsprojektes.…”

Section: Lastflexible Methanisierungunclassified

Power-to-Gas: Die Rolle der chemischen Speicherung in einem Energiesystem mit hohen Anteilen an erneuerbarer Energie

Lehner

Biegger

Medved

2017

Elektrotech. Inftech.

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Die Umstellung der Energieversorgung auf erneuerbare Quellen (Wind, Photovoltaik) wird in Zukunft verstärkt die Volatilität in der Stromerzeugung erhöhen. Um eine ausgeglichene Leistungsbilanz im Stromnetz sicherzustellen, werden Speicher benötigt -nicht nur kurzzeitig, sondern auch saisonal. Die bidirektionale Kopplung bestehender Energieinfrastruktur mit dem Stromnetz kann hier Abhilfe schaffen, indem der Strom in Elektrolyseanlagen zur Wasserstofferzeugung genutzt wird. Der Wasserstoff kann Erdgas in der vorhandenen Infrastruktur (Gasspeicher, Pipelines) in begrenztem Umfang beigemischt werden oder in einer gaskatalytischen Reaktion, der Methanisierung, mit Kohlendioxid und/oder Kohlenmonoxid direkt zu Methan umgesetzt werden. Durch den Rückgriff auf die Erdgasinfrastruktur wird eine Entlastung der Stromnetze erreicht und eine Speicherung der erneuerbaren Energien auch über lange Zeiträume ermöglicht. Ein weiterer Vorteil dieser als "Power-to-Gas" bezeichneten Technologie ist, dass das so erzeugte Methan eine Senke für CO 2 -Emissionen darstellt, da damit fossile Quellen substituiert werden und so CO 2 in einem geschlossenen Kreislauf geführt wird.Die Forschung im Bereich der Power-to-Gas-Technologie adressiert derzeit technologische Fortschritte sowohl im Bereich der Elektrolyse als auch für die nachfolgende Methanisierung, insbesondere, um Investitionskosten zu senken. Im Bereich der Methanisierung sind lastflexible Verfahren zu entwickeln, die der fluktuierenden Wasserstoffbereitstellung angepasst sind. Die Wirtschaftlichkeit der Power-to-Gas-Prozesskette kann durch eine synergetische Einbindung in bestehende Industrieprozesse erhöht werden. Beispielsweise bietet ein integriertes Hüttenwerk ein vielversprechendes infrastrukturelles Umfeld, da zum einen kohlenstoffhaltige Prozessgase in großen Mengen anfallen, zum anderen der Sauerstoff als Nebenprodukt aus der Wasserelektrolyse einer direkten Nutzung zugeführt werden kann. Derartige Konzepte lassen einen wirtschaftlichen Einsatz der Power-to-Gas-Technologie in naher Zukunft erwarten.Schlüsselwörter: Power-to-Gas; Methanisierung; erneuerbare Energie; Speicher Power-to-Gas: the significance of chemical storage in an energy system containing high shares of renewable energy. The restructuring of the energy supply towards renewable sources (wind, photovoltaics) will increase the volatility in power generation

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Chemical Storage of Renewable Electrical Energy via Hydrogenation of Process Gases of the Steel Industry

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review

Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review

Transient Flow Rate Ramps for Methanation of Carbon Dioxide in an Adiabatic Fixed‐Bed Recycle Reactor

Power-to-Gas: Die Rolle der chemischen Speicherung in einem Energiesystem mit hohen Anteilen an erneuerbarer Energie

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