Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review

Götz, Manuel; Lefebvre, Jonathan; Mörs, Friedemann; Koch, Amy McDaniel; Graf, Frank; Bajohr, S.; Reimert, R.; Kolb, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.066

Cited by 2,020 publications

(1,077 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(130 reference statements)

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“…Götz et al [29] recently comment that despite their number of biogas plants, China and the USA (the latter benefiting from significant natural gas reserves), have displayed little interest in PtG. The potential need, feasibility and benefits of PtG in India are currently considered questionable [89].…”

Section: Regional To National-scalementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Projected Power-to-Gas Deployment Scenarios

Eveloy

Gebreegziabher

2018

Energies

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Technical, economic and environmental assessments of projected power-to-gas (PtG) deployment scenarios at distributed-to national-scale are reviewed, as well as their extensions to nuclear-assisted renewable hydrogen. Their collective research trends, outcomes, challenges and limitations are highlighted, leading to suggested future work areas. These studies have focused on the conversion of excess wind and solar photovoltaic electricity in European-based energy systems using low-temperature electrolysis technologies. Synthetic natural gas, either solely or with hydrogen, has been the most frequent PtG product. However, the spectrum of possible deployment scenarios has been incompletely explored to date, in terms of geographical/sectorial application environment, electricity generation technology, and PtG processes, products and their end-uses to meet a given energy system demand portfolio. Suggested areas of focus include PtG deployment scenarios: (i) incorporating concentrated solar-and/or hybrid renewable generation technologies; (ii) for energy systems facing high cooling and/or water desalination/treatment demands; (iii) employing high-temperature and/or hybrid hydrogen production processes; and (iv) involving PtG material/energy integrations with other installations/sectors. In terms of PtG deployment simulation, suggested areas include the use of dynamic and load/utilization factor-dependent performance characteristics, dynamic commodity prices, more systematic comparisons between power-to-what potential deployment options and between product end-uses, more holistic performance criteria, and formal optimizations.

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Section: Regional To National-scalementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Projected Power-to-Gas Deployment Scenarios

Eveloy

Gebreegziabher

2018

Energies

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“…H 2 O) (Shinde and Madras 2014;Wang et al 2015). The CO methanation reaction is a key process for increasing SNG production (Meng et al 2015b;Götz et al 2016;Gao et al 2016). If one mole of CO is converted to methane, three moles of H 2 are stoichiometrically required.…”

Section: List Of Symbolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO hydrogenation combined with water-gas-shift reaction for synthetic natural gas production: a thermodynamic and experimental study

Meng

et al. 2017

Int J Coal Sci Technol

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The hydrogenation of CO to synthetic natural gas (SNG) needs a high molar ratio of H 2 /CO (usually large than 3.0 in industry), which consumes a large abundant of hydrogen. The reverse dry reforming reaction (RDR, 2H 2 ? 2CO $ CH 4 ? CO 2 ), combining CO methanation with water-gas-shift reaction, can significantly decrease the H 2 /CO molar ratio to 1 for SNG production. A detailed thermodynamic analysis of RDR reaction was carried out based on the Gibbs free energy minimization method. The effect of temperature, pressure, H 2 /CO ratio and the addition of H 2 O, CH 4 , CO 2 , O 2 and C 2 H 4 into the feed gas on CO conversion, CH 4 and CO 2 selectivity, as well as CH 4 and carbon yield, are discussed. Experimental results obtained on homemade impregnated Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalyst are compared with the calculations. The results demonstrate that low temperature (200-500°C), high pressure (1-5 MPa) and high H 2 /CO ratio (at least 1) promote CO conversion and CH 4 selectivity and decrease carbon yield. Steam and CO 2 in the feed gas decrease the CH 4 selectivity and carbon yield, and enhance the CO 2 content. Extra CH 4 elevates the CH 4 content in the products, but leads to more carbon formation at high temperatures. O 2 significantly decreases the CH 4 selectivity and C 2 H 4 results in the generation of carbon.Keywords Synthetic natural gas Á Reverse dry reforming of methane Á Gibbs free energy minimization Á Experimental study Á CO conversion List of symbols A k Total mass of k element in the feed f i H Standard-state fugacity of species i (Pa) f i

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“…Based on P2G technology, surplus electricity generated from renewable energy can be converted into natural gas or hydrogen that can be stored afterwards in the natural gas pipeline network or storage devices. It provides a new solution to renewable energy accommodation [7,8]. In addition, P2G technology can also convert electricity into natural gas at times of electric transmission congestion, where the gas is transmitted through natural gas pipelines to gas turbines out of the congested area for electricity generation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated optimal dispatch and market equilibrium of integrated electric power and natural gas networks with P2G embedded

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2017

J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy

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As power to gas (P2G) technology gradually matures, the coupling between electricity networks and natural gas networks should ideally evolve synergistically. With the intent of characterizing market behaviors of integrated electric power and natural gas networks (IPGNs) with P2G facilities, this paper establishes a steady-state model of P2G and constructs optimal dispatch models of an electricity network and a natural gas network separately. In addition, a concept of slack energy flow (SEF) is proposed as a tool for coordinated optimal dispatch between the two networks. To study how the market pricing mechanism affects coordinated optimal dispatch in an IPGN, a market equilibrium-solving model for an IPGN is constructed according to game theory, with a solution based on the Nikaido-Isoda function. Case studies are conducted on a joint model that combines the modified IEEE 118-node electricity network and the Belgian 20-node gas network. The results show that if the game between an electric power company and a natural gas company reaches market equilibrium, not only can both companies maximize their profits, but also the coordinated operation of the coupling units, i.e., gas turbines and P2G facilities, will contribute more to renewable energy utilization and carbon emission reduction.Keywords Integrated electric power and natural gas networks (IPGNs), Market equilibrium, Power to gas (P2G), Slack energy flow (SEF)

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Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review

Cited by 2,020 publications

References 104 publications

A Review of Projected Power-to-Gas Deployment Scenarios

A Review of Projected Power-to-Gas Deployment Scenarios

CO hydrogenation combined with water-gas-shift reaction for synthetic natural gas production: a thermodynamic and experimental study

Coordinated optimal dispatch and market equilibrium of integrated electric power and natural gas networks with P2G embedded

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