Chemical Species and Temperature Profiles of Laminar Dichloromethane-Methane-Air Flames.I. Variation of Chlorine/ Hydrogen Loading

Senser, Dwight W.; Cundy, Vic A.; Morse, John S.

doi:10.1080/00102208708960322

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This pattern of rapid formation and destruction of intermediates has been observed experimentally in flame studies of CH2CI2 decomposition. 6 - 30 At a lower temperature (1040 K; Figure 4) the intermediates are formed, and persist to the outlet at fairly high levels. HC1 and the other species that had been prominent at high temperatures are still present, but at lower levels.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of the Thermal Destruction of Some Chlorinated C₁ and C₂ Hydrocarbons

Fisher

Koshland

1990

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of the Thermal Destruction of Some Chlorinated C₁ and C₂ Hydrocarbons

Fisher

Koshland

1990

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…Fundamental flame-mode kinetic studies, and spray and droplet combustion studies have been underway at Louisiana State University and elsewhere for several years. 8 " 13 Additional research components that have been targeted in this study include:…”

Section: Overview Of Study-goals and Sub-program Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotary Kiln Injection I. An Indepth Study—Liquid Injection

Cundy¹,

Lester²,

Sterling³

et al. 1989

JAPCA

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A multlfaceted experimental and theoretical program directed toward the understanding of rotary kiln performance Is underway. University, Industry and government participation Is Involved. This paper, the first In a series, presents a general discussion of the overall programmatic goals, followed by a brief description of the sub-programs Including: in-situ measurements from an industrial-scale rotary kiln located at the Louisiana Division of Dow Chemical USA in Plaquemine, Louisiana; laboratory-scale desorption characterization and klln-slmulator studies; and incinerator modeling efforts. Water-cooled probes have been used to obtain gas samples from the kiln and the afterburner of an Industrial-scale facility. The samples were analyzed using GC and GC/MS techniques. We include In this communication a report on these preliminary measurements.The United States now generates more than 265 million metric tons of hazardous waste per year. Of this amount, approximately 63 million metric tons are treatable by thermal destruction. 1 Because incineration can, in most cases, literally destroy the organic waste constituents and provide a substantial reduction in waste volume where total destruction is not realized, and because it provides a means for energy and material recovery, it has emerged as a preferred method of treatment.Oppelt has reviewed the state-ofthe-art of incineration techniques. 1 Although most existing hazardous waste incinerators have generally been found to comply with recently imposed federal guidelines, and have for several decades operated with proven performance, there is considerable public skepticism about whether incineration is truly an environmentally benign waste-treatment strategy. An improved understanding of incinerator performance is a necessary prerequisite for more informed public comment on future site location. A better understanding of the chemical and physical phenomena that underlie the operation of existing and currently planned units is also needed for the development of a new generation of incinerators. We have, therefore, initiated a multifaceted experimental and theoretical program directed toward the development of a rudimentary understanding of and predictive capability for rotary kiln and afterburner incinerator performance, as influenced by basic design and operational parameters. Presently, these are related largely through empirical guidelines developed from operational experience. The program we have initiated involves university, industry, and government participation.A series of papers discussing individual components and aspects of this overall kiln study will be presented. This communication is the first of that series. In this paper, we present background information followed by a brief description of the overall program goals and objectives along with our general approach to the problem, including a description of defined subprogram objectives. We conclude this paper with a presentation of preliminary results obtained from one unique sub-program of the experimenta...

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“…A comparison of the fuel-rich CH 2 Cl 2 /CH 4 / Ar/O 2 flames (⌽ ϭ 2.15 and 1.9) of Qun and Senkan [11] and the lean CH 2 Cl 2 /CH 4 /air flame (⌽ ϭ 0.8) of Senser et al [12] shows that rich flames produce more diverse byproducts [11]. Cundy et al [25] vary equivalence ratio (⌽ ϭ 0.8, 1.0, 1.1) in a flat flame and conclude that the destruction levels of CH 2 Cl 2 and PICs are slightly enhanced in the higher equivalence ratio flames.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent years have witnessed considerable progress in understanding the combustion chemistry of C 1 and C 2 CHC decomposition using flat flames [5,11,12], isothermal flow reactors [4,[13][14][15][16][17][18], combustion-driven flow reactors [4, 19 -23], and through the development of chemical kinetic mechanisms [13,24]. However, the destruction of CHCs and byproduct formation in postflame conditions is not presently well understood.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the model predicts well over 100 ppm of molecular chlorine (Cl 2 ) for the lower equivalence ratios, ⌽ ϭ 0.6 and ⌽ ϭ 0.9, and trace amounts (10 ppm) at ⌽ ϭ 1.0 and T inj ϭ 1200 K. While Cl 2 has not been reported in CH 2 Cl 2 studies, it has been detected in concentrations as high as or higher than HCl for the more highly chlorinated chloroform and carbon tetrachloride at low equivalence ratios [44,45]. In addition, most studies assume HCl is the main chlorinated product, and calculate its concentration by a chlorine balance rather than directly measuring either HCl or Cl 2 [11][12][13]25]. Chlorine cannot be measured using IR absorption.…”

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Postflame reaction chemistry of dichloromethane: variations in equivalence ratio and temperature

Sgro

Koshland

Lucas

et al. 2000

Combustion and Flame

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We report on the destruction pathways and byproduct formation of dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2 ) in conditions typical of incinerator postflame regions (injection temperature ϭ 900 -1200 K; equivalence ratio ϭ 0.6, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1; residence time ϭ 0.28 -0.35 s). This is the first study to independently vary equivalence ratio and temperature, and evaluate their impacts on byproduct yield and destruction efficiency. We inject 750 ppm CH 2 Cl 2 into postflame combustion products and measure byproducts with extractive FTIR spectroscopy. We use a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism and reaction rate analysis to predict the changes in reaction pathways as a function of equivalence ratio. The predictions for major products and several intermediate species compare well with experiments; the largest disparities are an underprediction of phosgene (CCl 2 O) and an overprediction of methyl chloride (CH 3 Cl). Both the experiment and the numerical predictions show increased destruction at lower equivalence ratios. However, the experiments reveal increased levels of stable chlorinated organics at lower equivalence ratios, opposite to the numerical prediction. We discuss reasons for this discrepancy and implications of these results for designing control strategies to promote full conversion to HCl and to reduce chlorinated byproduct emissions.

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Chemical Species and Temperature Profiles of Laminar Dichloromethane-Methane-Air Flames.I. Variation of Chlorine/ Hydrogen Loading

Cited by 35 publications

References 22 publications

Numerical Simulation of the Thermal Destruction of Some Chlorinated C₁ and C₂ Hydrocarbons

Numerical Simulation of the Thermal Destruction of Some Chlorinated C₁ and C₂ Hydrocarbons

Rotary Kiln Injection I. An Indepth Study—Liquid Injection

Postflame reaction chemistry of dichloromethane: variations in equivalence ratio and temperature

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Chemical Species and Temperature Profiles of Laminar Dichloromethane-Methane-Air Flames.I. Variation of Chlorine/ Hydrogen Loading

Cited by 35 publications

References 22 publications

Numerical Simulation of the Thermal Destruction of Some Chlorinated C1 and C2 Hydrocarbons

Numerical Simulation of the Thermal Destruction of Some Chlorinated C1 and C2 Hydrocarbons

Rotary Kiln Injection I. An Indepth Study—Liquid Injection

Postflame reaction chemistry of dichloromethane: variations in equivalence ratio and temperature

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Product

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Numerical Simulation of the Thermal Destruction of Some Chlorinated C₁ and C₂ Hydrocarbons

Numerical Simulation of the Thermal Destruction of Some Chlorinated C₁ and C₂ Hydrocarbons