Rotary Kiln Injection I. An Indepth Study—Liquid Injection

Abstract

A multlfaceted experimental and theoretical program directed toward the understanding of rotary kiln performance Is underway. University, Industry and government participation Is Involved. This paper, the first In a series, presents a general discussion of the overall programmatic goals, followed by a brief description of the sub-programs Including: in-situ measurements from an industrial-scale rotary kiln located at the Louisiana Division of Dow Chemical USA in Plaquemine, Louisiana; laboratory-scale desorption characterization and klln-slmulator studies; and incinerator modeling efforts. Water-cooled probes have been used to obtain gas samples from the kiln and the afterburner of an Industrial-scale facility. The samples were analyzed using GC and GC/MS techniques. We include In this communication a report on these preliminary measurements.The United States now generates more than 265 million metric tons of hazardous waste per year. Of this amount, approximately 63 million metric tons are treatable by thermal destruction. 1 Because incineration can, in most cases, literally destroy the organic waste constituents and provide a substantial reduction in waste volume where total destruction is not realized, and because it provides a means for energy and material recovery, it has emerged as a preferred method of treatment.Oppelt has reviewed the state-ofthe-art of incineration techniques. 1 Although most existing hazardous waste incinerators have generally been found to comply with recently imposed federal guidelines, and have for several decades operated with proven performance, there is considerable public skepticism about whether incineration is truly an environmentally benign waste-treatment strategy. An improved understanding of incinerator performance is a necessary prerequisite for more informed public comment on future site location. A better understanding of the chemical and physical phenomena that underlie the operation of existing and currently planned units is also needed for the development of a new generation of incinerators. We have, therefore, initiated a multifaceted experimental and theoretical program directed toward the development of a rudimentary understanding of and predictive capability for rotary kiln and afterburner incinerator performance, as influenced by basic design and operational parameters. Presently, these are related largely through empirical guidelines developed from operational experience. The program we have initiated involves university, industry, and government participation.A series of papers discussing individual components and aspects of this overall kiln study will be presented. This communication is the first of that series. In this paper, we present background information followed by a brief description of the overall program goals and objectives along with our general approach to the problem, including a description of defined subprogram objectives. We conclude this paper with a presentation of preliminary results obtained from one unique sub-program of the experimenta...

Rotary Kiln Incineration IV. An Indepth Study— Kiln Exit, Transition and Afterburner Sampling During Liquid CCl4Processing

“…1 A brief description of the facility and sampling techniques will be presented here for completeness.…”

“…Figures 2-4 show the sampling positions for each section of the incinerator facility. 1 Based upon results of this run, we concluded that sampling was needed in the upper sections of the kiln. This was accomplished by physically boring an additional access port into the transition section between the kiln and the afterburner so that a vertical distribution at the kiln exit could be obtained.…”

“…Previous discussions have detailed the program objectives and provided preliminary fullscale results during liquid carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) processing. 1 We have also provided results from benchscale studies, using toluene(C 7 H 8 ) as a surrogate waste, aimed at characterizing desorption phenomena from a solid bed. 2 Finally, we have presented results from the kiln-afterburner-stack train and defined the vertical kiln exit pattern factor during liquid CCI4 processing.…”

Rotary Kiln Incineration II. Laboratory-Scale Desorption and Kiln-Simulator Studies—Solids

“…8 The data obtained from the three reactors (particle reactor, bed reactor, and kiln simulator) will provide fundamental, transportphenomena parameters so the transients in a full-scale unit can be modeled. In addition, bed mixing is being studied in an ambient temperature, physical-mixing model experiment so that the effects of bed motion may be incorporated into the model.…”

“…8 The overall goal of this study is to develop a rudimentary understanding of and a predictive capability for rotary-kiln design. cinerators to define the rate controlling steps, • numerical modeling of the chemical and physical processes that occur during the operation of a rotary kiln incinerator, and • in situ sampling in a full-scale industrial rotary-kiln incinerator to characterize actual incinerator performance.…”