Chemical sequential extraction as decision-making tool: application to municipal solid waste and its individual constituents

Prudent, Pascale; Domeizel, M.; Massiani, C.

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(95)04797-2

Cited by 44 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Flyhammer et al (1998) suggested that approximately 30% of the metals in MSW were available in reactive solid form based on a sequential extraction procedure. Using a similar set of extractions, Prudent et al (1996) reported on the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in 14 components of MSW. Prudent's work showed that much of the total metal content was present in forms that were not likely to be reactive in landfills.…”

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confidence: 99%

Present and Long-Term Composition of MSW Landfill Leachate: A Review

Kjeldsen

Barlaz

Rooker

et al. 2002

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

1,954

991

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ABSTRACT:The major potential environmental impacts related to landfill leachate are pollution of groundwater and surface waters. Landfill leachate contains pollutants that can be categorized into four groups (dissolved organic matter, inorganic macrocomponents, heavy metals, and xenobiotic organic compounds). Existing data show high leachate concentrations of all components in the early acid phase due to strong decomposition and leaching. In the long methanogenic phase a more stable leachate, with lower concentrations and a low BOD/COD-ratio, is observed. Generally, very low concentrations of heavy metals are observed. In contrast, the concentration of ammonia does not decrease, and often constitutes a major long-term pollutant in leachate. A broad range of xenobiotic organic compounds is observed in landfill leachate. The long-term behavior of landfills with respect to changes in oxidation-reduction status is discussed based on theory and model simulations. It seems that the somewhere postulated enhanced release of accumulated heavy metals would not take place within the time frames of thousands of years. This is supported by a few laboratory investigations. The existing data and model evaluations indicate that the xenobiotic organic compounds in most cases do not constitute a major long-term problem. This may suggest that ammonia will be of most concern in the long run.

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confidence: 99%

Present and Long-Term Composition of MSW Landfill Leachate: A Review

Kjeldsen

Barlaz

Rooker

et al. 2002

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

1,954

991

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…As it relates to metal contamination, Prudent, et al(1996), found that approximately 50% of the cadmium load was in the form of plastics as pigments or stabilizing agents. However, more recent data indicate that the increasing use of cadmium in batteries means that perhaps 75% of the cadmium in MSW today is in the form of batteries.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiochemical Assessment of Landfill Generated Leachates in Lagos, Nigeria

Akujieze

Idehai

2014

int. j. sci. eng.

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-About 3.5 million tonnes of comingled municipal solid wastes (MSW) are dumped annually into the landfill areas of Lagos in Nigeria with a human population of about 21 million. Upon geo-bio-chemical processes, leachates are produced which are improperly collected and may be introduced to the environment with possible insidious effects on human health. Eight (8) composite leachates samples were collected from four (4) landfills in the megacity and tested for their physiochemical parameters in order to determine their suitability for discharge into agricultural soils and groundwater systems. Geological site investigation reveal that the landfills except Epe have significant attenuative clayey soil protection above groundwater, and can adsorb and/ or precipitate contaminants/ pollutants within its mass. Using ANOVA, juxtapositions of the Fcalculated with the Fcritical valuesrevealed a metal sequence of : Hg > Zn >As >Mn >Ni >K >Pb >Cr>Cd>Fe. Also, total alkalinity> total hardness> total acidity. All the measured anions had Fcalculated above Fcritical values and were in the hierarchy : Chloride> sulphate> phosphate>nitrate.. Mean concentrations were in the order : Fe>Cd>Cr>Pb>K>Ni=Mn>As>Zn>Hg. Fe also posted the highest value for standard deviation. Results of the ratios of the standard deviation to the means were in the sequence: Fe> Zn>K> Ni > Mn>Pb> Cr> Cd> Hg> As. The presence of arsenic above prescribed limits in the Epe leachate is a major concern because the lithology is sandy, and has a reported depth of about 3m to the unconfined aquifer that adjoins the Epe Lagoon. This expansive landfill is recommended for closure.

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“…The probable sources of Pb are wood, crockery, paint, plastics, leather, and fine particles. 2 The levels of Ca in the contaminated soils are high because of the influence of building scraps, crockery, bones, etc., dumped indiscriminately along with garbage. However, because Ca is an essential element, it may be a positive contaminant.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Edxrf For Bulk Elemental Analysis Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, studies have included characterization of raw MSW, source-separated MSW, incineration ash, post-MBT (mechanical biological treatment) compost, mixed-waste compost, and the effects on public health and environment. [2][3][4][5] However, the characteristics of MSW are different among different countries and cities, as they are heavily dependent on the economic levels, social structures, and ethnic distributions of specific regions where MSWs are generated. 6 The characterization studies of MSW, therefore, need to be region-specific.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nondestructive Characterization of Municipal-Solid-Waste-Contaminated Surface Soil by Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence and Low-Z (Atomic Number) Particle Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis

Gupta

Ghosh

Mitra

et al. 2011

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The long-term environmental impact of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfilling is still under investigation due to the lack of detailed characterization studies. A MSW landfill site, popularly known as Dhapa, in the eastern fringe of the metropolis of Kolkata, India, is the subject of present study. A vast area of Dhapa, adjoining the current core MSW dump site and evolving from the raw MSW dumping in the past, is presently used for the cultivation of vegetables. The inorganic chemical characteristics of the MSWcontaminated Dhapa surface soil (covering a 2-km stretch of the area) along with a natural composite (geogenic) soil sample (from a small countryside farm), for comparison, were investigated using two complementary nondestructive analytical techniques, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) for bulk analysis and low-Z (atomic number) particle electron probe X-ray microanalysis (low-Z particle EPMA) for single-particle analysis. The bulk concentrations of K, Rb, and Zr remain almost unchanged in all the soil samples. The Dhapa soil is found to be polluted with heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, and Pb (highly elevated) and Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, and Sr (moderately elevated), compared to the natural countryside soil. These high bulk concentration levels of heavy metals were compared with the Ecological Soil Screening Levels for these elements (U.S. Environment Protection Agency) to assess the potential risk on the immediate biotic environment. Low-Z particle EPMA results showed that the aluminosilicatecontaining particles were the most abundant, followed by SiO 2 , CaCO 3 -containing, and carbonaceous particles in the Dhapa samples, whereas in the countryside sample only aluminosilicate-containing and SiO 2 particles were observed. The mineral particles encountered in the countryside sample are solely of geogenic origin, whereas those from the Dhapa samples seem to have evolved from a mixture of raw dumped MSW, urban dust, and other contributing factors such as wind, precipitation, weather patterns, farming, and water logging, resulting in their diverse chemical compositions and the abundant observation of carbonaceous species. Particles containing C and P were more abundant in the Dhapa samples than in the countryside soil sample, suggesting that MSW-contaminated soils are more fertile. However, the levels of particles containing potentially toxic heavy metals such as Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, and/or Pb in the Dhapa samples were significant, corroborated by their high bulk concentration levels (EDXRF), causing deep concern for the immediate environment and contamination of the food chain through food crops. INTRODUCTIONMunicipal solid waste (MSW) management has been slowly but systematically evolving into an integrated solid waste management (ISWM) system over the past few decades. For the urban and the suburban municipal authorities, this integrated management system includes (i) segregation and collection of municipal waste at source; (ii) further reduction in volume by incineration of the high-calorie par...

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Chemical sequential extraction as decision-making tool: application to municipal solid waste and its individual constituents

Cited by 44 publications

References 8 publications

Present and Long-Term Composition of MSW Landfill Leachate: A Review

Present and Long-Term Composition of MSW Landfill Leachate: A Review

Physiochemical Assessment of Landfill Generated Leachates in Lagos, Nigeria

Nondestructive Characterization of Municipal-Solid-Waste-Contaminated Surface Soil by Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence and Low-Z (Atomic Number) Particle Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis

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