Estimation of the landfill gas (LFG) and electricity potential is one of the significant aspects of an integrated landfill development. In view of this, geological surveys were undertaken in all the government operated landfills in Lagos to appraise ground conditions for the exploitation of the anaerobically generated LFG. Thereafter, attempts were made to estimate the electricity potentials based on various equations and models. The geology of the landfill areas is essentially that of the Oligocene to Pleistocene Coastal Plain Sands except for that of Epe landfill area which is of Recent Deposits. The lithologies of the landfills in the Coastal Plain Sands areas seem suitable for landfill gas capture upon capping. Using stoichiometry, an achievable electrical power of 123.75 MW was deduced. By juxtaposition with an established Malaysian scenario, the yearly electrical energy was placed at 646,663.2 MWh with a tariff revenue in excess of US$64.68 million/year. Furthermore, an accruing carbon credit of about US$31.73 million/year is expected from certified emission reduction (CER) under the Kyoto Protocol. However, estimations by comparison with gas capturing sites across the globe yielded a mean of 38.35 MW. This is about 30 % of the theoretical and is capable of providing electricity to over 230,000 inhabitants. Hinged on actuality, this latter evaluation may aid to eradicate spurious estimations for practical purposes, and is critical in terms of global LFG capture economics. The concomitant benefits of LFG exploitation are expected to be exponentially higher in terms of reduction of greenhouse gases and mitigation of environmental hazards.
Globally, various practical data and scholarly estimations of the electricity potentials of landfill gas (LFG) have been forwarded and these can be juxtaposed for estimations in the megacity called Lagos. The calculated values were between 63.22-700MW of derivable electricity. However, in order to limit observable disparities and ambiguities in these derivations and thus allow for more accurate projections, these estimations can be gauged using as template;-stoichiometry, establishing 50% of landfill gas as methane, assuming 50% of this volume as recoverable, and using a proposed engine efficiency of 30%. This standardization projects a theoretical mean achievable electrical power of 121.69 MW for the Lagos area from a population of about 21 million with a generation per capita (GPC) of 0.63kg with biodegradable content of about 60%. The yearly electrical energy was placed at 1,066,004.4 MWh with tariff revenue in excess of US$ 106.6 million /yr. An accruing carbon credit of about US$75.59 million /yr is expected from certified emission reduction (CER). The projected derivations can be used as models for evaluation of the landfill gas and electricity potentials in many parts of the world.
Rocks from the Basement Complex areas of Nigeria weather to produce residual soils of varying geomechanical properties. Two such soils from the zone of accumulation were collected from Ore (Ors) and Abuja (Abs). The soils were understudied for their suitability for use as construction materials by subjecting to geotechnical analyses in order to evaluate their index and engineering properties. Ors with clays, silts, sands and gravel of (17, 22, 60 & 01) % respectively, and specific gravity of 2.57 g/cm 3 is classified as a silty sand with clays whereas Abs is clayey sands with gravels. Their index properties are in the order:
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