Chemical salivary composition and its relationship with periodontal disease and dental calculus

Abstract

Aim: To determine the relationship between the chemical composition of saliva, periodontal disease and dental calculus. Methods: An observational analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with patients over 55 years of age. Ethical principles of autonomy and risk protection were applied according to the international standards. Sociodemographic and diagnosis variables (presence of dental calculus and periodontal status) were considered to measure salivary concentrations of glucose (by the glucose oxidase/peroxidase method, amylase (by the colorimetric test), urea (by the amount of indophenol), total protein (by the Bradford method) and albumin (by the nephelometric method). Patients chewed a sterile rubber band and 3 mL of stimulated saliva were collected. The samples were stored at-5 °C, centrifuged at 2,800 rpm for 10 min, and the supernatant was removed and stored at-20 °C. Data were presented as frequencies and proportions for qualitative variables and measures of central tendency and dispersion for quantitative variables. Data were analyzed by either analysis of variance or Kruskal Wallis test. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Significant relationships were observed between the concentration of salivary urea and periodontal status (p = 0.03) and the presence of dental calculus and urea (p = 0.04) was demonstrated. Conclusions: A relationship between the salivary urea concentration and the presence of periodontal disease and dental calculus is suggested.

Assessment of the oral health status of asthmatic children

“…[ 43 44 ] The increased gingival inflammation could be attributed to the reduction in the salivary protective action due to the reduced salivary flow and altered composition. [ 45 ]…”

“…[ 2 ] This increase in calcium level may be in response to beta-adrenergic bronchodilator drug such as the isoprenaline used as antiasthmatic drugs or may be even due to the pathological condition itself. [ 45 ]…”

Differences of Salivary Total Protein Levels in Plaque Induced Gingivitis and Healthy Patients in Periodontology Clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry USU Medan

“…Researcher Anne stated that leakage of protein proteins occurs as a tissue inflammatory response that results in an increase in total protein levels in saliva. In Anne's study, the results showed elevated levels of total protein in salivary gingivitis patients [20]. Research conducted by Mulki Shaila et al showed a high total protein content in the saliva of gingivitis patients.…”

“…Therefore, the total protein content in saliva may be affected by several factors. The results of these different studies may be due to the influence of the subject's diet, the presence of hormones, psychiatric disorders, toothbrushing and exercise [20]. Although many researchers evaluate protein levels without nutritional habits, this may be recommended for further research.…”

“…The study conducted in Brazil by Anne et al, showed elevated levels of glucose, protein, albumin, urea and amylase in saliva of gingivitis and periodontitis patients [20]. Based on the Henskens et al study, the group with periodontal disease showed a 1.8 increase in total protein content compared with the healthy group [13].…”