Chemical recycling of plastics by fluidized bed pyrolysis

Kaminsky, Werner

doi:10.1016/j.jfueco.2021.100023

Cited by 86 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…292 Other possible chemical recycling processes of PET are detailed elsewhere and in Section 9.1. 153,[297][298][299] Many commercial pyrolysis processes have low tolerance to PVC, which produces significant concentrations of organic chlorine, HCl and a solid residue. 291,294 The HCl causes corrosion issues with downstream processing of the products.…”

Section: Variables Affecting Product Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding Plastics Recycling Technologies: Chemical Aspects, Technology Status and Challenges

Aguirre-Villegas

Allen

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Less than 10% of the plastics generated globally are recycled, while the rest are incinerated, accumulated in landfills, or leach into the environment. New technologies are emerging to chemically recycle waste plastics that are receiving tremendous interest from academia and industry. Chemists and chemical engineers need to understand the fundamentals of these technologies to design improved systems for chemical recycling and upcycling of waste plastics. In this paper, we review the entire life cycle of plastics and options for the management of plastic waste to address barriers to industrial chemical recycling and further provide perceptions on possible opportunities with such materials. Knowledge and insights to enhance plastic recycling beyond its current scale are provided. Outstanding research problems and where researchers in the field should focus their efforts in the future are also discussed.

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Section: Variables Affecting Product Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding Plastics Recycling Technologies: Chemical Aspects, Technology Status and Challenges

Aguirre-Villegas

Allen

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Several reviews have addressed plastic waste pyrolysis and pyrolysis processes for fuel production. [100,454,455,474,486,[489][490][491][492][493][494][495]72,73,80] A review by Sharuddin et al addresses the influences of reactor type, pressure, hold-up time, fluidizing gas, and flow rates on oil, gas, and char formation aimed at optimizing oil yield for different types of plastics. [495] In the fluidized bed pyrolysis pioneered by Sinn and Kaminsky at the University of Hamburg, [494] pyrolysis oil and gas yields strongly depend on the polymer type.…”

Section: Gasification Liquefaction and (Hydro)pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[100,454,455,474,486,[489][490][491][492][493][494][495]72,73,80] A review by Sharuddin et al addresses the influences of reactor type, pressure, hold-up time, fluidizing gas, and flow rates on oil, gas, and char formation aimed at optimizing oil yield for different types of plastics. [495] In the fluidized bed pyrolysis pioneered by Sinn and Kaminsky at the University of Hamburg, [494] pyrolysis oil and gas yields strongly depend on the polymer type. As is apparent from Table 4, both plastics and biopolymers represent attractive carbon sources for the circular plastics economy.…”

Section: Gasification Liquefaction and (Hydro)pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several reviews have addressed plastic waste pyrolysis and pyrolysis processes for fuel production. [ 100,454,455,474,486,489–495,72,73,80 ] A review by Sharuddin et al. addresses the influences of reactor type, pressure, hold‐up time, fluidizing gas, and flow rates on oil, gas, and char formation aimed at optimizing oil yield for different types of plastics.…”

Section: Molecular Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Closing the Carbon Loop in the Circular Plastics Economy

Schirmeister

Mülhaupt

2022

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Today, plastics are ubiquitous in everyday life, problem solvers of modern technologies, and crucial for sustainable development. Yet the surge in global demand for plastics of the growing world population has triggered a tidal wave of plastic debris in the environment. Moving from a linear to a zero‐waste and carbon‐neutral circular plastic economy is vital for the future of the planet. Taming the plastic waste flood requires closing the carbon loop through plastic reuse, mechanical and molecular recycling, carbon capture, and use of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. In the quest for eco‐friendly products, plastics do not need to be reinvented but tuned for reuse and recycling. Their full potential must be exploited regarding energy, resource, and eco‐efficiency, waste prevention, circular economy, climate change mitigation, and lowering environmental pollution. Biodegradation holds promise for composting and bio‐feedstock recovery, but it is neither the Holy Grail of circular plastics economy nor a panacea for plastic littering. As an alternative to mechanical downcycling, molecular recycling enables both closed‐loop recovery of virgin plastics and open‐loop valorization, producing hydrogen, fuels, refinery feeds, lubricants, chemicals, and carbonaceous materials. Closing the carbon loop does not create a Perpetuum Mobile and requires renewable energy to achieve sustainability.

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“…In the paper [71], the authors provided the chemical recycling of plastic waste in a fluidized bed condition. This technology is characterized by a high degree of heat transfer, which is an important solution for recycling this type of waste.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of Plastic Waste, with Particular Emphasis on Thermal Methods—Review

Kijo-Kleczkowska

Gnatowski

2022

Energies

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The civilization development requires improvement of technologies and satisfaction of people’s needs on the one side, but on the other one it is directly connected with the increasing production of waste. In this paper, the authors dealt with the second of these aspects, reviewing the recycling of plastic waste, which can be processed without changing its chemical structure (mechanical recycling), and with changing its chemical structure (chemical recycling, of which thermal recycling). Mechanical recycling involves shredding the waste in order to obtain recyclate or regranulate that meets specific quality requirements. Chemical recycling consists of the degradation of the material into low-molecular compounds, and it can take place in the processes of hydrolysis, glycolysis, methanolysis by means of chemical solvents, and during thermal processes of hydrocracking, gasification, pyrolysis, combustion, enabling the recovery of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons foundings in application as a fuel in the energy and cement-lime industry and enabling the recovery of thermal energy contained in plastics. The paper focuses on thermal methods of plastics recycling that become more important due to legal regulations limiting the landfilling of waste. The authors also took up the properties of plastics and their production in European conditions.

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Chemical recycling of plastics by fluidized bed pyrolysis

Cited by 86 publications

References 78 publications

Expanding Plastics Recycling Technologies: Chemical Aspects, Technology Status and Challenges

Expanding Plastics Recycling Technologies: Chemical Aspects, Technology Status and Challenges

Closing the Carbon Loop in the Circular Plastics Economy

Recycling of Plastic Waste, with Particular Emphasis on Thermal Methods—Review

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