Chemical reactions in molten salts and their classification

Волков, С. В.

doi:10.1039/cs9901900021

Cited by 43 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Notably, Wang and Yang synthesized CoPt nanorods using Co(acac) 3 and Pt(acac) 2 4 ] and acetone. [157] Taubert and co-workers fabricated Au microcrystals via the reduction of HAuCl 4 with cellulose in [BMim][Cl], and systematically studied the influences of reaction temperature and cellulose concentration on particle morphologies.…”

Section: Formation Of Different Morphologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[195] This is similar to the preparation of supported metal catalysts using conventional solvents instead of ionic liquids. [192,196,197] For instance, Pd colloids were formed by mixing Pd(OAc) 2 4 (where Et ¼ ethyl) and formic acid. [198] In another work, Ru nanoparticles in [BMim] [BF 4 ] were added to a solution containing tetraethoxy orthosilicate (TEOS), and SiO 2 support was formed by a sol-gel process.…”

Section: Preparation Of Supported Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It begins with the isolation of metal nanoparticles during catalytic hydrogenation and carbon-carbon coupling reactions using organometallic or metal salt catalysts in ionic liquid media. [74] For instance, Srinivasan and co-workers carried out the Heck reaction using Pd(OAc) 2 and PdCl 2 catalysts and 1,3-di-n-butylimidazolium bromide ([BBim][Br]) solvent under ultrasonic irradiation. [75] They observed, via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging, that Pd grains (20 nm) were composed of nanoclusters (1 nm) from the reduction of Pd 2þ .…”

Section: General Synthesis Of Metal Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[54,180] In the first report of this type, Han and co-workers reported that Pd nanoparticles were immobilized on a molecular sieve (Si/Al ¼ 1:1, pore diameter 6.7 nm) aided by 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidinium lactate, and they studied the catalytic performance in olefin hydrogenation. [180] Although the experimental procedure was not disclosed in detail, [180] the authors described elsewhere that to prepare such a catalyst, Pd(OAc) 2 was dissolved in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and methanol, and 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidinium lactate and a reductant (hydrazine) were subsequently added to form black Pd nanoparticles. [54] A molecular sieve was then added to this slurry, and the organic solvents were evaporated to yield a supported Pd catalyst.…”

Section: Preparation Of Supported Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the high vapor pressures and toxicity of certain volatile organic solvents may cause significant environmental problems. Although traditional molten salts have been attempted as alternative reaction media, [2,3] their high boiling points (well above 100 8C) significantly constrain the scope of applications and make the process impractical. Therefore, alternative solvents or media with tunable and versatile solvation properties for conducting chemical reactions and materials synthesis have been actively sought.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation of Inorganic Materials Using Ionic Liquids

2009

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Conventional synthesis of inorganic materials relies heavily on water and organic solvents. Alternatively, the synthesis of inorganic materials using, or in the presence of, ionic liquids represents a burgeoning direction in materials chemistry. Use of ionic liquids in solvent extraction and organic catalysis has been extensively studied, but their use in inorganic synthesis has just begun. Ionic liquids are a family of non-conventional molten salts that can act as templates and precursors to inorganic materials, as well as solvents. They offer many advantages, such as negligible vapor pressures, wide liquidus ranges, good thermal stability, tunable solubility for both organic and inorganic molecules, and much synthetic flexibility. In this Review, the use of ionic liquids in the preparation of several categories of inorganic and hybrid materials (i.e., metal structures, non-metal elements, silicas, organosilicas, metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, metal salts, open-framework structures, ionic liquid-functionalized materials, and supported ionic liquids) is summarized. The status quo of the research field is assessed, and some future perspectives are furnished.

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Section: Formation Of Different Morphologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of Supported Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Synthesis Of Metal Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of Supported Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation of Inorganic Materials Using Ionic Liquids

2009

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Ionische Flüssigkeiten – neue „Lösungen“ für die Übergangsmetallkatalyse

2000

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Peter Wasserscheid, geboren 1970 in Würzburg, studierte an der RWTH Aachen Chemie und promovierte 1998 im Arbeitskreis von W. Keim mit einer Arbeit über die Ni-katalysierte C-C-Verknüpfung in ionischen Flüssigkeiten. Zurzeit habilitiert er sich am Institut für Technische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie der RWTH Aachen und beschäftigt sich dort mit weiteren Anwendungen ionischer Flüssigkeiten in synthetischen und katalytischen Reaktionen. Schon früh fand seine wissenschaftliche Betätigung durch einen 1. Preis im Bundeswettbewerb ¹Jugend forschtª Anerkennung. Für herausragende Leistungen in Studium und Diplomarbeit erhielt er den DECHEMA-Studentenpreis und den Friedrich-Wilhelm-Preis der RWTH Aachen. Wilhelm Keim, geboren 1934 in Oberhausen, studierte Chemie und promovierte 1963 bei G. Wilke am Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung. Nach einem Jahr als Postdoc bei T. Kalz an der Columbia University, New York, trat er in die Shell Development Company in Emeryville, CA, ein. Bis 1972 avancierte er dort zum Leiter der Grundlagenforschung. 1973 nahm er einen Ruf als Professor und Institutsdirektor des Instituts für Technische Chemie und Petrolchemie der RWTH Aachen an. Seine Forschungstätigkeit umfasst Arbeiten zur homogenen und heterogenen Katalyse, zur Carbonylierung und Funktionalisierung von Olefinen sowie zur selektiven C-C-Verknüpfung. In diesem Zusammenhang bearbeitete er intensiv Fragestellungen zur Heterogenisierung homogener Katalysatoren und zur Zweiphasenkatalyse. Er ist Autor von rund 200 Veröffentlichungen und 40 Patenten. Sein wissenschaftliches Werk wurde in jüngster Zeit mit der Alwin-Mittaschsowie der Karl-Engler-Medaille gewürdigt.

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Ionic Liquids—New “Solutions” for Transition Metal Catalysis

Wasserscheid

Keim

2000

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.

5,629

3,133

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Ionic liquids are salts that are liquid at low temperature (<100 °C) which represent a new class of solvents with nonmolecular, ionic character. Even though the first representative has been known since 1914, ionic liquids have only been investigated as solvents for transition metal catalysis in the past ten years. Publications to date show that replacing an organic solvent by an ionic liquid can lead to remarkable improvements in well‐known processes. Ionic liquids form biphasic systems with many organic product mixtures. This gives rise to the possibility of a multiphase reaction procedure with easy isolation and recovery of homogeneous catalysts. In addition, ionic liquids have practically no vapor pressure which facilitates product separation by distillation. There are also indications that switching from a normal organic solvent to an ionic liquid can lead to novel and unusual chemical reactivity. This opens up a wide field for future investigations into this new class of solvents in catalytic applications.

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Chemical reactions in molten salts and their classification

Cited by 43 publications

References 2 publications

Preparation of Inorganic Materials Using Ionic Liquids

Preparation of Inorganic Materials Using Ionic Liquids

Ionische Flüssigkeiten – neue „Lösungen“ für die Übergangsmetallkatalyse

Ionic Liquids—New “Solutions” for Transition Metal Catalysis

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