Chemical Profiling of the Essential Oils of Syzygium aqueum, Syzygium samarangense and Eugenia uniflora and Their Discrimination Using Chemometric Analysis

Abstract

The essential oil compositions of the leaves of three related Myrtaceae species, namely Syzygium aqueum, Syzygium samarangense and Eugenia uniflora, were investigated using GLC/MS and GLC/FID. Altogether, 125 compounds were identified: α-Selinene (13.85%), β-caryophyllene (12.72%) and β-selinene constitute the most abundant constituents in S. aqueum. Germacrene D (21.62%) represents the major compound in S. samarangense whereas in E. uniflora, spathulenol (15.80%) represents the predominant component. Multivariate chemometric analyses were used to discriminate the essential oils using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) based on the chromatographic results. The antimicrobial activity of the popularly used E. uniflora essential oil was assessed using broth microdilution method against six Gram-positive, three Gram-negative bacteria and two fungi. The oil showed moderate antimicrobial activity against Bacillus licheniformis exhibiting MIC and MMC of 0.63 mg/ml. The cytotoxic activity of E. uniflora essential oil was investigated against Trypanosoma brucei brucei (T. b. brucei) and MCF-7 cancer cell line using MTT assay. It showed moderate activity against MCF-7 cells with an IC value of 76.40 μg/ml. On the other hand, T. brucei was highly susceptible to E. uniflora essential oil with IC of 11.20 μg/ml, and a selectivity index of 6.82.

BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF Eugenia uniflora L. ESSENTIAL OIL: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

“…It was also observed that most of the identified compounds are sesquiterpenes,caryophyllene for example, was often isolated in E. uniflora extraction (25,26). According to Silva (16), regardless of origin or part of E. uniflora plant used in the extraction, the sesquiterpenes show to be the main class of compounds, which corroborates the results found in this paper.…”

“…Evidenced by MBC test, the essential oil tested showed bactericidal activity in the dilutions 25%, 12.5%, 6.25% and 3.125% of the bacteria tested. There are already descriptions of antimicrobial activity of E. uniflora in gram negative and gram positive bacteria, and also against yeasts (25,26,27). It is also reported, as well as in our research, the antibacterial activity of this essential oil against E. cloacae and E. aerogenes (28).…”

Synergistic Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Effect of Artichoke, Fig, Blackberry Herbal Mixture on HepG2 Cells and Their Metabolic Profiling Using NMR Coupled with Chemometrics

“…Meanwhile, PCA was established by Unscrambler ® 9.7 ( CAMO SA , Oslo, Norway) after preprocessing by mean centering of the raw data of all the samples prior to the analyses. The assessments were done in triplicates for each sample …”

Eugenia uniflora L.: potential uses as a bioactive plant

“…Antibacterial activity SOBEH et al (2016) showed in their study that the essential oil extracted from E. uniflora L. presented antimicrobial activity against six species of gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus (isolated number -10442), besides three species of gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two species of fungi (Candida parapsilosis and Candida albicans). In this study, the species B. licheniformis was the most sensitive to E. uniflora essential oil, with minimal inhibitory concentration and minimum microbicide of 0.63 mg/mL.…”