Chemical processes initiated by a nonequilibrium plasma in solutions

Solution cathode glow discharge induced vapor generation of iodine for determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

“…It indicated that volatile iodine species were formed by exposing solutions of KI to the SCGD. Kutepov et al 35 also investigated the oxidation of iodide ions in aqueous solutions initiated by a non-equilibrium plasma operated in air. The reactive species generated in the plasma were capable of reacting with I À in the solution to yield I 2 (I 3…”

Electrohydraulic Discharge and Nonthermal Plasma for Water Treatment

“…High-voltage electrical discharges directly in water (electrohydraulic discharge) or in the gas phase above the water (nonthermal plasma) have been demonstrated to produce hydrogen peroxide, − molecular oxygen and hydrogen, , and hydroxyl, hydroperoxyl, hydrogen, oxygen, and other radicals 9,10,14-18 and, with the addition of air or oxygen at the high voltage electrode, ozone. ,− In addition, depending upon the solution conductivity and the magnitude of the discharge energy, shock waves and UV light may also be formed. ,, These reactive species and physical conditions, in turn, have been shown to rapidly and efficiently degrade many organic compounds, including phenols, ,− trichloroethylene, polychlorinated biphenyl, perchloroethylene and pentachlorophenol, ,, acetophenone, organic dyes (such as methylene blue), aniline, anthraquinone, , monochlorophenols, methyl tert -butyl ether (MTBE), benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene (BTEX), and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 4-chlorophenol, and 3,4-dichloroaniline. ,− In addition, the oxidation of several inorganic ions in water has been studied with various electrical discharge processes. − …”

“…26,[46][47][48] In addition, the oxidation of several inorganic ions in water has been studied with various electrical discharge processes. [49][50][51][52] Electrical discharge and the related application of pulsed electric fields (below discharge conditions) in water have also led to the destruction and inactivation of viruses, yeast, and bacteria 7,[53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] and to the dislodgment of mussels and removal and prevention of biofilms on cooling and drinking water pipes. [69][70][71][72] Potential exists for applications of high-voltage electrical discharge processes to the field of green chemistry through the use, in the chemical synthesis, of a range of organic compounds, [73][74][75][76][77][78] hydrocarbons, 79 polymers, [80][81][82][83] and nanomaterials.…”

Applications of Plasma-Liquid Systems: A Review

“…Besides the removal of organic compounds, plasma discharges can also be used for the elimination of inorganic species. Oxidation of I − , Br − , S 2 − , Cr 2+ and Mn 2+ ions by steady-state discharges between a metal anode and an electrolyte was investigated in [153]. More recently, Hijosa-Valsero et al [154] have reported cyanide removal by means of two different DBD reactors shown in Figure 9.…”