Chemical modification of wood: A short review

Rowell, Roger M.

doi:10.1080/17480270600670923

Cited by 210 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Samples up to weight gains of 17 % were obtained using to 0,035 mol L -1 (I-2) of iodine. This WPG value compares well with acetylation of wood using acetic anhydride and corresponds to the level of modification necessary for exhibiting good dimensional stability and durability (Rowell 1983(Rowell , 2006(Rowell , 2013. FTIR spectra of unmodified and modified rubberwood are shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Dimensional stabilization of wood by chemical modification using isopropenyl acetate

Giridhar

Pandey

Prasad

et al. 2017

Maderas, Cienc. tecnol.

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Chemical modification of wood with isopropenyl acetate (IPA) using iodine (I 2 ) as catalyst has been carried out. Rubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis) specimens were reacted with IPA using iodine (I 2 ) catalyst at 95°C up to 10 h under solvent free conditions. The effect of catalyst concentration and reaction time was studied. The extent of acetylation was measured by determining weight percent gain and the modified wood was characterized by FTIR-ATR and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. It was found that IPA in the presence of iodine is an excellent acylating reagent for wood. Modified wood exhibited high dimensional stability.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Dimensional stabilization of wood by chemical modification using isopropenyl acetate

Giridhar

Pandey

Prasad

et al. 2017

Maderas, Cienc. tecnol.

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“…Tarkow was actually the first scientist who described the use of acetylation process in an attempt to stabilize wood from swelling in the water (Tarkow 1946;Tarkow et al 1946). Since the '40s, many laboratories worldwide have performed experiments on the acetylation of wood in a variety of different ways, and by using various wood species and agricultural resources (Rowell 1983(Rowell , 1984.…”

Section: Acetylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical modification of wood takes place when a chemical reaction of a reagent occurs with the polymeric constituents of wood (lignin, hemicelluloses, or cellulose), resulting thus in the formation of a stable covalent bond between the reagent and the cell wall polymers (Rowell 1982(Rowell , 1983Hill 2006).…”

Section: Chemical Modification Of Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be degraded by a wide variety of microorganisms, it burns, and it is decomposed by ultraviolet energy (Stamm 1964;Rowell 1983). With an increased awareness of the fragility of the environment and the need for durability in wood products, new technologies have been developed to increase the service life of wood without the use of toxic chemicals (Rowell 1983(Rowell , 1984Militz 1991;Westin 1996;Hill 2006;Rowell et al 2009;Rowell 2012;Gérardin 2016). Issues of sustainability and carbon sequestration converge in this search for new 'green' technologies to improve durability, stability, and performance of wood, especially in exterior applications (Rowell 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Modification of Wood by Acetylation or Furfurylation: A Review of the Present Scaled-up Technologies

Mantanis¹

2017

BioResources

117

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Significant developments in the area of wood modification have been achieved during the last three decades. These developments can be attributed to increased environmental concerns, the escalating demand for a high and constant quality of wood products, and the rising prices of the durable tropical timber as well as its very limited availability, as affected by illegal logging. As a consequence, a number of wood modification techniques such as chemical and impregnation modifications or heat treatments have been introduced, and some of these technologies have reached the industrial level. This review paper deals with two successful technologies, that is, wood acetylation and wood furfurylation. It briefly discusses the advantages of the new modified products and presents in short their improved properties. Published findings indicate that chemical modification of wood, to a full or partial degree, by means of acetylation or furfurylation, offers a way to transform low durability wood species to new 'green' wood materials having advanced qualities and properties.

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“…To avoid chemicals, several non-biocidal wood modification processes have been developed in recent years (Kumar 1994;Tjeerdsma et al 1998;Goodell 2003;Mai et al 2004;Hill 2006;Rowell 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of thermo-hygro-mechanically (THM)-densified wood by soft-rot fungi

Skyba

Niemz

Schwarze

2008

HFSG

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Thermo-hygro-mechanical (THM)-densified wood is more resistant to colonisation and degradation by brown-rot fungi than untreated wood. Colonisation and degradation by soft-rot fungi was investigated in treated Norway spruce (Picea abies) and treated beech (Fagus sylvatica) to assess their suitability for utility class 4. Three different treatments were applied: thermal-hygro (TH) treatment, mechanical densification and THM-treatment including densification and post-treatment under saturated steam conditions at different temperatures. For comparison, additional wood specimens were treated with two concentrations of a chromium-copper (CC) wood preservative. After 32 weeks incubation, weight losses induced by soft-rot fungi were lowest in wood treated with CC. Highest weight losses were recorded from TH-treated wood, in which soft-rot erosion attack (type 2) was exclusively observed in spruce. In comparison to controls, significantly lower weight losses by soft-rot fungi were recorded in THM-treated spruce wood, but no such differences were found in beech wood. Microscopical examination showed that in THM-treated wood of spruce, soft-rot type 1 commenced from the outer wood surfaces and cavity formation was not found in deeper regions of the wood samples. THM-treated beech wood was more susceptible to degradation than that of spruce which can be partly explained by the higher syringyl lignin content in beech wood, which is more susceptible to all kinds of degradation. Hyphal colonisation and soft-rot was facilitated within deeper regions of beech wood mainly in the non-occluded lumina of parenchyma cells in multiseriate xylem rays. It can be concluded that THtreated spruce wood and THM-treated beech wood is susceptible to soft-rot and therefore inappropriate for utility class 4.

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Chemical modification of wood: A short review

Cited by 210 publications

References 8 publications

Dimensional stabilization of wood by chemical modification using isopropenyl acetate

Dimensional stabilization of wood by chemical modification using isopropenyl acetate

Chemical Modification of Wood by Acetylation or Furfurylation: A Review of the Present Scaled-up Technologies

Degradation of thermo-hygro-mechanically (THM)-densified wood by soft-rot fungi

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