Chemical Modification of Natural Rubber in the Latex Stage by Grafting Cardanol, a Waste from the Cashew Industry and a Renewable Resource

Mohapatra, Sunita; Nando, G. B.

doi:10.1021/ie400195v

Cited by 47 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The CH 3 asymmetric stretching in FT-IR of NRL membranes is observed at 2961 cm -1 . These FT-IR correlations for NRL are consistent with the earlier works 24,31 . In addition, Figure 6 also shows a broad peak at approximately 3200-3500 cm -1 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Evaluation of sodium diclofenac release using natural rubber latex as carrier

et al. 2014

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Sodium Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) taken to reduce inflammation and, as an analgesic, reduce pain. Although this drug is widely used in the general population, properties such as the short half-time and some side effects restrict its clinical use. The most common side effects are: gastric irritation, gastritis, peptic ulcer and bleeding. Studies involving biomaterials as carrier for drug release have been proving their efficiency in overcoming those problems and better controling the release rate and targeting of the drug. Natural rubber latex (NRL) has been proven excellent for its biocompatibility and ability to stimulate angiogenesis, cellular adhesion and the formation of extracellular matrix, promoting the replacement and regeneration of tissue. In this work, a NRL membrane is used to deliver sodium diclofenac. Sodium diclofenac (NaDic) was found to be adsorbed on the NRL membrane, with little or no incorporation into the membrane bulk, according to energy dispersive Scanning Electron Microscopy with X-Ray microanalysis (SEM-EDS) spectroscopy. In addition, FT-IR shows that there is no molecular-level interaction between drug and NRL. Already, the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) of NaDic-NRL shows a broader one spectrum than the sharper halo (amorphous characteristic XRD spectrum) of pure NRL. More importantly, the release time of diclofenac in a NRL membrane in vitro was increased from the typical 2-3 h for oral tablets to ca. 74 h. The kinetics of the drug release could be fitted with a double exponential function, with two characteristic times of 0.899 and 32.102 h. In this study, we demonstrated that the interesting properties provided by NRL membranes combined with a controlled release of drug is relevant for biomedical applications.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Evaluation of sodium diclofenac release using natural rubber latex as carrier

et al. 2014

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“…a), an intense peak at 1.27, 1.70, 2.0 and 5.1 ppm corresponds to the NR backbone. In addition, a prominent signal at 7.05 to 7.10 is consistent to the aromatic protons, which are the presence of phenolic moiety in the bio‐resin . Moreover, an intensity of the peak of bio‐resin reduced due to the higher molecular weight NR present in the functionalization reaction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Biologically sustainable rubber resin and rubber‐filler promoter: a precursor study

Manoharan

Naskar

2017

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Enthused by the ever growing demand for sustainable and green based materials in responding to applications based on macromolecules, an attempt was made in seeking a bio‐resin (Terpene). Herein, we report the functionalization of bio‐resin with natural rubber (NR) to produce new sustainable and greener functional polymer. Bio‐resin functionalized NR was prepared by melt mixing using di(2‐tert butyl peroxy isopropyl) benzene initiator. Structure elucidation of the bio‐resin functionalized NR was established by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. Bio‐resin functionalized NR facilitates the augmented interaction with highly dispersible silica. Amended state of highly dispersible silica dispersion has been achieved in the absence of toxic process oil, expensive silane coupling agent and conventionally used zinc oxide. Remarkable improvement in overall properties corroborated with various meticulous characterization including nanoindentation, rheological, physico‐mechanical and small angle X‐ray scattering using Becauge model, etc. The dynamic mechanical properties of the greener polymer demonstrated low rolling resistance coupled with high traction. More decisively, the macromolecule system toned up sparingly in the presence of the bio‐resin. Our contribution facilitates a novel avenue to develop sustainable high‐performance elastomeric macromolecule. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…22 Cardanol and its derivatives usually have major applications in bio-composites, 23 synthetic resins, 24,25 epoxy curing agents, 26 and coatings. 31,32 Furthermore, cardanol-based plasticizers have been reported to be a kind of efficient plasticizer for PVC. 31,32 Furthermore, cardanol-based plasticizers have been reported to be a kind of efficient plasticizer for PVC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel biobased plasticizer of epoxidized cardanol glycidyl ether: synthesis and application in soft poly(vinyl chloride) films

et al. 2015

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A novel plasticizer derived from cardanol, and epoxied cardanol glycidyl ether (ECGE), was synthesized and characterized by 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR. The effects of ECGE combined with the commercial plasticizer dioctyl phthalate (DOP), in soft poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films, were studied. The mechanical properties of PVC films showed both tensile strength and percent elongation increases with increasing ECGE content. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed to characterize the thermal stabilities of the plasticized samples and showed the stability of films increased on increasing the content of ECGE. The properties of volatility, extraction, and exudation resistance of plasticizers were tested and analysis by means of solubility parameters as reported in the literature suggests the ECGE has similar or higher stability for these properties than DOP. FTIR analysis of the films also revealed that ECGE interacted with PVC. Due to its inherent chemical backbone and the modified epoxy groups, ECGE properly balanced the properties and improved the performance of PVC films compared with the neat DOP plasticizer.

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Chemical Modification of Natural Rubber in the Latex Stage by Grafting Cardanol, a Waste from the Cashew Industry and a Renewable Resource

Cited by 47 publications

References 22 publications

Evaluation of sodium diclofenac release using natural rubber latex as carrier

Evaluation of sodium diclofenac release using natural rubber latex as carrier

Biologically sustainable rubber resin and rubber‐filler promoter: a precursor study

A novel biobased plasticizer of epoxidized cardanol glycidyl ether: synthesis and application in soft poly(vinyl chloride) films

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