A novel biobased plasticizer of epoxidized cardanol glycidyl ether: synthesis and application in soft poly(vinyl chloride) films

Abstract

A novel plasticizer derived from cardanol, and epoxied cardanol glycidyl ether (ECGE), was synthesized and characterized by 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR. The effects of ECGE combined with the commercial plasticizer dioctyl phthalate (DOP), in soft poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films, were studied. The mechanical properties of PVC films showed both tensile strength and percent elongation increases with increasing ECGE content. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed to characterize the thermal stabilities of the plasticized samples and showed the stability of films increased on increasing the content of ECGE. The properties of volatility, extraction, and exudation resistance of plasticizers were tested and analysis by means of solubility parameters as reported in the literature suggests the ECGE has similar or higher stability for these properties than DOP. FTIR analysis of the films also revealed that ECGE interacted with PVC. Due to its inherent chemical backbone and the modified epoxy groups, ECGE properly balanced the properties and improved the performance of PVC films compared with the neat DOP plasticizer.

Biologically sustainable rubber resin and rubber‐filler promoter: a precursor study

“…Hence, it can be predicted that the double bonds present in the side chain of bio‐resin have taken part in the functionalization reaction. The preferred functionalization reaction takes place at the NR macromolecule is the carbon which is attached to the most labile hydrogen atom (―CH 2 ―) in the fifth position . The presence of CH 4 by‐product is not visible in the 1 H NMR and FTIR spectra because the materials were purified prior to the analysis.…”

“…Bio‐resin is produced in plants by biosynthesis and is available in large quantities . Importantly, natural molecular biomass contains cycloaliphatic and/or aromatic structures . Bio‐resin is widely regarded as having the higher polarity and low aromaticity.…”

Synthesis and application of a novel environmental plasticizer based on cardanol for poly(vinyl chloride)

“…Recently, cardanol derivatives had been used as plasticizer in the polymer and rubber industries and showed significant plasticizing effects [30,33,34] . In addition, cardanol derived plasticizers such as cardanol acetate [35,36] , epoxidated cardanol acetate [35] , cardanol derived glycidyl ether [37] and epoxied cardanol glycidyl ether [38] were prepared and revealed that they could be used as main or secondary plasticizers for PVC and replace phthalates. The present studies indicated cardanol derived plasticizers had good plasticizing effect, but they also showed some limitations in thermal and migration resistance.…”

Synthesis and application of a novel cardanol‐based plasticizer as secondary or main plasticizer for poly(vinyl chloride)

“…It is known that cardanol is a very promising renewable resource for developing environmentally friendly materials and additives . Recently, more kinds of cardanol‐based plasticizers have been prepared, which have proved to be efficient main or secondary plasticizers for PVC . Cardanol‐based plasticizers containing phosphate have been prepared and showed enhanced thermal stability when incorporated into PVC .…”