Chemical mapping of tire and road wear particles for single particle analysis

Kovochich, Michael; Liong, Monty; Parker, Jillian A.; Oh, Su Cheun; Lee, Jessica P.; Ling, Xi; Kreider, Marisa L.; Unice, Kenneth M.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144085

“…It is well known that tires capture particles from the road, releasing micrometric particles of complex chemical nature into the environment upon friction and abrasion. Heterogeneous particles consisting of agglomerates of rubber, road material and dust are commonly observed, 26,27 a fraction of which will end its life into the watery systems. The water quality of the aquatic systems is influenced by the release of TRWP at different scales.…”

Section: Raman Spectroscopy Of Optical Trapped Trwp Micro-and Nano-particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman Tweezers for Tire and Road Wear Micro- and Nanoparticles analysis

Gillibert

¹

,

Magazzù

²

,

Callegari

³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Tire and Road Wear Particles (TRWP) are non-exhaust particulate matter generated by road transport means during the mechanical abrasion of tires, brakes and roads. TRWP accumulate on the roadsides and are transported into the aquatic ecosystem during stormwater runoffs. Due to their size (sub-millimetric) and rubber content (elastomers), TRWP are considered microplastics (MPs). While the amount of the MPs polluting the water ecosystem with sizes from ~ 5 μm to more than 100 μm is known, the fraction of smaller particles is unknown due to the technological gap in the detection and analysis of < 5 μm MPs. Here we show that Raman Tweezers, a combination of optical tweezers and Raman spectroscopy, can be used to trap and chemically analyze individual TWRPs in a liquid environment, down to the sub-micrometric scale. Using tire particles mechanically grinded from aged car tires in water solutions, we show that it is possible to optically trap individual sub-micron particles, in a so-called 2D trapping configuration, and acquire their Raman spectrum in few tens of seconds. The analysis is then extended to samples collected from a brake test platform, where we highlight the presence of sub-micrometric agglomerates of rubber and brake debris, thanks to the presence of additional spectral features other than carbon. Our results show the potential of Raman Tweezers in environmental pollution analysis and highlight the formation of nanosized TRWP during wear.

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“…26 The combination of SEM/EDXS with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry provides elemental information on the rubber component in particles of some tens of microns. 27 The determination of TPs by Py-GC-MS via the presence of PAHs and aliphatic compounds is more difficult, due to their presence also in asphalt and combustion products. Finally, Py-GC-MS is destructive and is applied to the entire particulate sample, in batches of 10 to 100 µg, thus preventing analysis at the single particle level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman Tweezers for Tire and Road Wear Micro- and Nanoparticles analysis

Gucciardi

¹

,

Gillibert

²

,

Magazzù

³

et al. 2021

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tire and Road Wear Particles (TRWP) are non-exhaust particulate matter generated by road transport means during the mechanical abrasion of tires, brakes and roads. TRWP accumulate on the roadsides and are transported into the aquatic ecosystem during stormwater runoffs. Due to their size (sub-millimetric) and rubber content (elastomers), TRWP are considered microplastics (MPs). While the amount of the MPs polluting the water ecosystem with sizes from ~ 5 μm to more than 100 μm is known, the fraction of smaller particles is unknown due to the technological gap in the detection and analysis of < 5 μm MPs. Here we show that Raman Tweezers, a combination of optical tweezers and Raman spectroscopy, can be used to trap and chemically analyze individual TWRPs in a liquid environment, down to the sub-micrometric scale. Using tire particles mechanically grinded from aged car tires in water solutions, we show that it is possible to optically trap individual sub-micron particles, in a so-called 2D trapping configuration, and acquire their Raman spectrum in few tens of seconds. The analysis is then extended to samples collected from a brake test platform, where we highlight the presence of sub-micrometric agglomerates of rubber and brake debris, thanks to the presence of additional spectral features other than carbon. Our results show the potential of Raman Tweezers in environmental pollution analysis and highlight the formation of nanosized TRWP during wear.

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“…Detailed sample preparation for single particle analysis has been previously described. 3 Briefly, particles were separated by density using a sodium polytungstate solution (2.2 g/cm 3 density). 4 The suspension was mixed and centrifuged at 3300 revolutions per minute (RPM) or 4280 relative centrifugal force (RCF) for ten minutes.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Techniques including ToF-SIMS and SEM/EDX mapping were described in detail previously. 3 Briefly, carbon tape with the cleaned particles was pressed against a 20 mm × 20 mm ToF-SIMS sample holder plate with four (6 mm × 6 mm) holes, before fixing the plate to the sample holder.…”

Section: Single Particle Analysis Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The identification phase consisted of sequentially applying SPA techniques including optical microscopy (OM), SEM/EDX mapping, ToF-SIMS mapping, FTIR, and heat resistance testing to classify a subset of representative particle types in the road dust sample. 3,[6][7][8] The ancillary techniques (ToF-SIMS, FTIR, and heat resistance) were used in this identification phase to confirm classification on a subset of particles for further size analysis using quantitative/core methods (OM + SEM/EDX mapping) (Figure 1 and Figure S1). Subsequently, the quantitative primary particle analysis phase for size distribution and aspect ratio includes the primary techniques OM and SEM/EDX mapping as these methods provide a combination of optical properties, morphological analysis, elemental analysis, along with a large field of view with enough detail to identify single particles.…”

Section: Identification Of Trwp In Road Dust Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Individual Tire and Road Wear Particles in Environmental Road Dust, Tunnel Dust, and Sediment

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Chemical mapping of tire and road wear particles for single particle analysis

Cited by 90 publications

References 42 publications

Raman Tweezers for Tire and Road Wear Micro- and Nanoparticles analysis

Raman Tweezers for Tire and Road Wear Micro- and Nanoparticles analysis

Raman Tweezers for Tire and Road Wear Micro- and Nanoparticles analysis

Characterization of Individual Tire and Road Wear Particles in Environmental Road Dust, Tunnel Dust, and Sediment

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