Chemical Looping for Combustion of Solid Biomass: A Review

Coppola, Antonio; Scala, Fabrizio

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c02600

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 118 publications

(183 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, dramatic reduction in CO 2 emission into the atmosphere becomes possible with lower operating and capital expenditures (OPEX and CAPEX, respectively) related to the whole power system [115,116]. Near-zero emission takes place when captured CO 2 is subsequently stored or utilized, which is described at the begging of this paper, however, even negative CO 2 emission is possible if only biomass is used as fuel [117,118]. Thus, the CLC technique with its inherent separation appears to be competitive for other pro-CCS technologies, which need advanced air separation units (oxy-fuel combustion and pre-combustion capture) or post-processing CO 2 capture unit (post-combustion capture).…”

Section: Competitiveness Of Clc Technologymentioning

confidence: 95%

Chemical Looping Combustion: A Brief Overview

et al. 2022

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The current development of chemical looping combustion (CLC) technology is presented in this paper. This technique of energy conversion enables burning of hydrocarbon fuels with dramatically reduced CO2 emission into the atmosphere, since the inherent separation of carbon dioxide takes place directly in a combustion unit. In the beginning, the general idea of the CLC process is described, which takes advantage of solids (so-called oxygen carriers) being able to transport oxygen between combustion air and burning fuel. The main groups of oxygen carriers (OC) are characterized and compared, which are Fe-, Mn-, Cu-, Ni-, and Co-based materials. Moreover, different constructions of reactors tailored to perform the CLC process are described, including fluidized-bed reactors, swing reactors, and rotary reactors. The whole systems are based on the chemical looping concept, such as syngas CLC (SG-CLC), in situ Gasification CLC (iG-CLC), chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU), and chemical looping reforming (CLR), are discussed as well. Finally, a comparison with other pro-CCS (carbon capture and storage) technologies is provided.

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Section: Competitiveness Of Clc Technologymentioning

confidence: 95%

Chemical Looping Combustion: A Brief Overview

et al. 2022

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“…This process variation is called chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU). The gas conversion could even benefit oxygen carriers with only partial CLOU properties . Another way to improve the volatile conversion lies in the plant design, with the goal to increase the gas–solid contact in the fuel reactor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Volatile Conversion in a Chemical Looping Combustion System with Three Different Biomasses

2022

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Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is a combustion process with CO2 sequestration without direct contact between air and fuel. The produced pure CO2 stream can be recycled for further usage in carbon capture and utilization or carbon capture and storage. In this work, the performance of a 25 kWth CLC facility is investigated by firing three types of ground wood pellets with CuO/Al2O3 as the oxygen carrier. The unit consists of two fluidized beds, an air reactor, a two-stage fuel reactor, two loop seals, and a cyclone. As a result of the high volatile content of the biomass, fuel gases often bypass the oxygen carrier and leave the system unconverted. Therefore, the volatile conversion of the two-stage fuel reactor is investigated, especially after the shortening of the overflow pipe in the upper stage. The fuel was introduced in the lower stage, where it is only partly converted. The remaining combustible gases flow into the upper stage, where they are further converted. This way combustion efficiencies of up to 98% could be achieved. It shows that shortening the upper stage in the fuel reactor has no negative impact on the performance. Oxygen demands of <1% could be reached under stable operating conditions, with CO2 capture efficiencies of up to 98%. The carbon slip to the air reactor was examined for different biomass particle sizes and types. Lower carbon slips were achieved with smaller particles.

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“…Much research has been undertaken on CLOU and CLC, especially on exploring and developing suitable metal oxides, as reviewed by Kwong and Marek, Lyngfelt and co-workers, , and Coppola and Scala . Among materials suitable for CLC and OCAC, natural ores of iron and manganese are inexpensive and effective .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Looping Combustion of a Biomass Char in Fe₂O₃-, CuO-, and SrFeO_3−δ-Based Oxygen Carriers

et al. 2022

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This research focuses on the combustion of biomass char in fluidized beds of various particulate solids, which, under the conditions of the reaction, were either inert or capable of supplying oxygen to reactions. The latter were termed oxygen carriers. The solids used were SiO2, as an inert material, and three oxygen carriers: (1) Fe2O3 prepared from a natural pyrite ore, (2) CuO supported on mayenite, and (3) SrFeO3−δ strontium ferrite perovskite. Combustion experiments were undertaken by introducing a sample of partially devolatilized biomass (commercial “biochar”) to a hot bubbling bed (inner diameter of 30 mm), fluidized by a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen, then analyzing the composition of the off-gas and the burnout time of the char sample. In the temperature range investigated in this work (1023–1168 K), CuO and SrFeO3−δ but not Fe2O3 thermally decomposed, releasing gaseous O2 [so-called “chemical looping oxygen uncoupling” (CLOU)]. Hence, to make the combustion conditions comparable to various oxygen carriers, all experiments were performed using a fluidizing gas with a fixed partial pressure of O2 (pO2) of ∼0.015 bar. Despite the same nominal pO2, the occurrence of the oxygen uncoupling reaction increased the total net amount of O2(g) available in the process, affecting external mass transfer of O2 to the char particle and accelerating its rate of combustion. The time needed to totally combust 0.1 g of biochar particles in different beds at 1168 K followed the trend CuO < SrFeO3−δ < Fe2O3 ≈ silica sand. The difference in the performance of CuO and SrFeO3−δ was ascribed to the lower oxygen availability via CLOU in perovskite compared to copper oxide. Interestingly, combustion in the bed of Fe2O3 particles took a similar amount of time as combustion in the inert bed of SiO2, despite iron oxide playing an active role in the process. The finding is explained by Fe2O3 reacting with CO produced from incomplete char combustion, which results in the reduced oxide competing with char for O2(g) and effectively decreasing the local pO2.

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Chemical Looping for Combustion of Solid Biomass: A Review

Cited by 38 publications

References 118 publications

Chemical Looping Combustion: A Brief Overview

Chemical Looping Combustion: A Brief Overview

High Volatile Conversion in a Chemical Looping Combustion System with Three Different Biomasses

Chemical Looping Combustion of a Biomass Char in Fe₂O₃-, CuO-, and SrFeO_3−δ-Based Oxygen Carriers

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Chemical Looping for Combustion of Solid Biomass: A Review

Cited by 38 publications

References 118 publications

Chemical Looping Combustion: A Brief Overview

Chemical Looping Combustion: A Brief Overview

High Volatile Conversion in a Chemical Looping Combustion System with Three Different Biomasses

Chemical Looping Combustion of a Biomass Char in Fe2O3-, CuO-, and SrFeO3−δ-Based Oxygen Carriers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Chemical Looping Combustion of a Biomass Char in Fe₂O₃-, CuO-, and SrFeO_3−δ-Based Oxygen Carriers