Chemical looping
combustion (CLC) is a combustion process with
CO2 sequestration without direct contact between air and
fuel. The produced pure CO2 stream can be recycled for
further usage in carbon capture and utilization or carbon capture
and storage. In this work, the performance of a 25 kWth CLC facility is investigated by firing three types of ground wood
pellets with CuO/Al2O3 as the oxygen carrier.
The unit consists of two fluidized beds, an air reactor, a two-stage
fuel reactor, two loop seals, and a cyclone. As a result of the high
volatile content of the biomass, fuel gases often bypass the oxygen
carrier and leave the system unconverted. Therefore, the volatile
conversion of the two-stage fuel reactor is investigated, especially
after the shortening of the overflow pipe in the upper stage. The
fuel was introduced in the lower stage, where it is only partly converted.
The remaining combustible gases flow into the upper stage, where they
are further converted. This way combustion efficiencies of up to 98%
could be achieved. It shows that shortening the upper stage in the
fuel reactor has no negative impact on the performance. Oxygen demands
of <1% could be reached under stable operating conditions, with
CO2 capture efficiencies of up to 98%. The carbon slip
to the air reactor was examined for different biomass particle sizes
and types. Lower carbon slips were achieved with smaller particles.
The dynamic operation of thermal power plants becomes more and more important due to more diverse and volatile power sources. Load changes of biomass, bituminous coal and methane were conducted during six experimental runs in a chemical looping combustion pilot plant which combines power generation and CO2 capture. The resulting step responses of the hydrodynamics and gas concentrations were compared to each other to understand the transient behavior of the interconnected fluidized bed system. The influence of the fuel rate and solid circulation on the response time and intensity was assessed.
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