Chemical Interesterification of Cotton Oil With Methyl Acetate Assisted by Ultrasound for Biodiesel Production

Abstract

In this study, research was performed on the interesterification reaction of cotton oil with methyl acetate, using potassium methoxide as catalyst, in the presence of ultrasonic waves. In order to obtain a better understanding of the process variables behavior, a response surface methodology was used along with statistical methods. The experiments were performed with molar ratio varying from 1:8 to 1:24, catalyst percentage of 0.1 to 1.3% (weight), ultrasonic nozzle amplitude varying from 30% to 90% (180 to 540 W) and vibration pulse varying from 50% to 90%. Process variables were optimized with the optimal molar ratio of 1:14.87, catalyst concentration of 1.17%, ultrasonic probe amplitude of 67.64% and vibration pulse of 67.30%. The average conversion of triglycerides was found to be 98.12% at the optimal conditions. The experimental data were adjusted to the second-order irreversible reaction approximation model, under optimized conditions, with temperatures of 30, 40 and 50 ºC. Lastly, in comparison to the conventional methodology, a significant increase of 14% of triglycerides conversion utilizing ultrasonic waves was observed.

A concise review on alternative route of biodiesel production via interesterification of different feedstocks

“…The differences noticed in the biodiesel fuel yield could be attributed to the different feedstock or catalyst activity. [69][70][71] Biodiesel production from canola oil was reportedly studied experimentally and kinetically in a supercritical reaction with methyl acetate. The reactions were carried out in a novel spiral reactor at temperature range of 300 C to 400 C, reaction time of 5 to 30 minutes, pressure of 20 MPa, and methyl acetate to oil molar ratio of 40.…”

“…The triglyceride conversion obtained for the ultrasound treatment showed an increment of 14% when compared to conventional methods under similar reaction conditions. 69 Supercritical interesterification and esterification reaction of methyl acetate with rapeseed oil and oleic acid were reported to produce FAME yield of 97% and 91% in 45 minutes and 20 minutes at 350 C respectively. 81 A total yield of 105%, which is the combination of FAME and triacetin, was observed for the rapeseed oil interesterification.…”

Box-Behnken Design for Optimization on Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil and Methyl Acetate using Ultrasound Assisted Interesterification Method

“…In producing biodiesel, there are many methods used to increase the reaction rate as well as the biodiesel yield. Among them by using a catalyst [11], without a catalyst (supercritical conditions) [12][13][14], enzymes [15], microwave [16], ultrasound [17,18], and others. Enzymatic and supercritical methods have been widely used for biodiesel production using interesterification reactions.…”

“…The ultrasound method can also increase the mass transfer and interesterification rate so that the interesterification reaction occurs more easily in a shorter time. In addition, ultrasound can also improve reaction kinetics, especially in slow reactions [18]. Ultrasonic waves will provide enormous energy so that it will increase the reaction speed due to the cavitation effect.…”

Modification of Nano Hybrid Pes-Zno Membrane Using Uv Irradiation for Biodiesel Purification

“…Therefore, alternative renewable energy sources are required to substitute fossil-based fuels, especially those derived from natural resources. Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engine, which is commonly produced by transesterification reactions of vegetable oils, animal fats or their combination to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) [3], [4]. Unfortunately, transesterification reactions produce by-products, such as glycerol, soap, residual triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, catalysts, water, and solvents [5].…”