Chemical intercalation of magnesium into solid hosts

Bruce, Peter G.; Krok, F.; Nowiński, J.L.; Gibson, Vernon C.; Tavakkoli, Kayumars

doi:10.1039/jm9910100705

Cited by 78 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Titanium disulfide has been used as a LIB host material with good results, but its performance as an MIB cathode has been less impressive so far. Bruce and Gregory et al [97,169,170] both screened TiS 2 as a Mg host, with inconsistent results. Electrochemical results were also lackluster in the case of layered and cubic TiS 2 in Mg(ClO 4 ) 2 /THF [116] and DCC electrolytes [160], respectively.…”

Section: Science China Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chevrel phases offer the best performance to date, but have relatively low energy densities and involved syntheses, or related variants has proven difficult, owing to slow diffusion and de-solvation arising from the electrostatic effects of the divalent ion [182,208]. Several early papers indicate modest results with respect to either electrochemical or chemical intercalation [169,[177][178][179]. V 2 O 5 has also been used as a cathode in cells with polymer gel electrolytes, but longevity has proven to be a big issue, with no more than ~10 cycles reported [184,187,190,197].…”

Section: Science China Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pyrolusite was thought to have too narrow a structure to accommodate Mg 2+ , and has rarely been studied since Bruce et al [169] found minimal Mg storage after chemical intercalation. However, this phase has recently shown performance commensurate with other polymorphs [231], the implications of which are discussed later in this section.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The many phases of manganese oxides make it an interesting research subject and potential host for Mg ions. Further, it has recently become the most popular MIB cathode studied, with over half of the reports incorporating MnO x as a Mg-ion host coming in the past five years [97,106,123,169,.…”

Section: Science China Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beyond Li-ion: electrode materials for sodium- and magnesium-ion batteries

2015

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to develop and install renewable energy harvesting technologies [3]. However, their successful implementation will be dependent on reliable and robust storage devices since harvesting solar and wind energy is inherently intermittent and the majority of consumption targets cannot be readily tethered to the grid.As energy storage devices, batteries possess high portability, high energy density, high Coulombic efficiency, and long cycle life. They are ideal power sources for portable devices, automobiles, and backup power supplies; accordingly, batteries power nearly all of our mobile electronics and are used to improve the efficiency of hybrid electric vehicles [4,5]. Unfortunately, considerable improvements in performance are still required in order to meet the demands of advanced portable devices and achieve energy sustainability (e.g., through smart grid and electric vehicle technologies) [6]. These enduring needs have driven intensive research investments. While efforts have been successful, there is still significant room for improvement regarding the development and understanding of electrode materials [7]. The overall capacity and potential cycling window of many electrode materials are limited to prevent degradation over long term cycling. In addition to exploring new electrode materials, there have been strong efforts to improve those that are already utilized. Expense reduction is a priority as approximately 23% and 8% of the overall battery pack costs stem from the respective cathode and anode active materials alone [8].An alkali-ion battery consists of several electrochemical cells connected in parallel and/or in series to provide a designated current or voltage. Each electrochemical cell has two electrodes separated by an electrolyte that is electrically insulating but ionically conductive. During discharge, when the alkali-ion battery operates as a galvanic cell, alkali ions exit the negative electrode (typically carbon) and insert themselves into the positive electrode while electronsThe need for economical and sustainable energy storage drives battery research today. While Li-ion batteries are the most mature technology, scalable electrochemical energy storage applications benefit from reductions in cost and improved safety. Sodium-and magnesium-ion batteries are two technologies that may prove to be viable alternatives. Both metals are cheaper and more abundant than Li, and have better safety characteristics, while divalent magnesium has the added bonus of passing twice as much charge per atom. On the other hand, both are still emerging fields of research with challenges to overcome. For example, electrodes incorporating Na + are often pulverized under the repeated strain of shuttling the relatively large ion, while insertion and transport of Mg 2+ is often kinetically slow, which stems from larger electrostatic forces. This review provides an overview of cathode and anode materials for sodium-ion batteries, and a comprehensive summary of research on cathodes for magnesium-ion batteries. In additi...

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Section: Science China Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Science China Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Science China Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beyond Li-ion: electrode materials for sodium- and magnesium-ion batteries

2015

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“…Unfortunately, the magnesium electrochemistry at ambient temperatures is far from being well understood, and only few compounds containing inserted magnesium ions have been mentioned in the literature [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium Insertion in Vanadium Oxides: A Structural Study

Novák¹,

Shklover²,

Nesper³

1994

Zeitschrift Für Physikalische Chemie

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A Trip to Oz and a Peak Behind the Curtain of Magnesium Batteries

Bonnick¹,

Muldoon²

2020

Adv Funct Materials

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The introduction of the Li-ion battery has revolutionized the electronics industry due to its high energy density. Magnesium batteries may have the potential to exceed the energy densities of Li-ion batteries. Herein, the major advancements in magnesium electrochemistry and the challenges that must be overcome to realize a practical magnesium battery are discussed. So too are the controversial realities of current magnesium battery research and their implications.

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Chemical intercalation of magnesium into solid hosts

Abstract: The use of two organometallic reagents, di-rrbutylmagnesium and magnesium bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxide) for the intercalation of magnesium into a range of solid hosts is investigated. New magnesium intercalation compounds based on cubic and layered TiS, are described.

Cited by 78 publications

References 8 publications

Beyond Li-ion: electrode materials for sodium- and magnesium-ion batteries

Beyond Li-ion: electrode materials for sodium- and magnesium-ion batteries

Magnesium Insertion in Vanadium Oxides: A Structural Study

A Trip to Oz and a Peak Behind the Curtain of Magnesium Batteries

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